glycolysis
What are the two phases of glycolysis?
·Energy investment phase
·Energy payoff phase
Where does the krebs cycle occur?
· in the matirx of mitochondria
How many ATP dose electron transport chain produce?
30-32 or 36-38
What is light dependent reaction?
Use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis
What is the other name for light independent cycle?
dark reactions or the Calvin (-Benson) cycle
What is the chemical formula for glycolysis?
Glucose + 2ATP -----> 2Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH
product per pyruvate inside the mitochondria (ps: one cycle)
1 GTP (or ATP) + 1FADH2 + 3NADH+ 2CO2
What are proton pumps?
Proton pumps use energy from ATP to pump protons out of the cell.
The light-dependent reactions release ——— as a byproduct as water is broken apart.
oxygen
What are the products of the light independent reactions?
glucose, NADP+, H2O
Where does glycolysis occur?
in the cytoplasm
What happens during the krebs cycle?
Pyruvic Acid is broken down into Carbon Dioxide, in a series of energy extracting reactions.
Where does electron transport chain occur?
inner mitochondral membrane
Where does light dependent reaction occur?
in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts
Where does light independent reaction occur?
in the stroma of the chloroplast
_________ catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose, the rate-limiting first step of glycolysis.
Hexokinase
what is the 4C compound in krebs cycle?
oxaloacetic acid or oxaloacetate
What is an enzymatic process in cell metabolism that synthesizes ATP from ADP?
oxidative phosphorylation
Light reaction does not produce:
A. NADPH
B. ATP
C. Glucose
D. Protons
Three stages of light-independent reaction in stage:
1. Carbon fixation
2. phosphorylation and reduction
3.regeneration of carbon acceptor
What will be produced after fructose 1,6 biphosphate is catalyzed by fructose biphosphate?
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P) and Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP)
Which enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of fumarate and malate?
Fumarase
What does "Co Q" do in electron transport chain?
It provides energy for pumping protons by transports electrons from complexes I and II to complexes III
The thylakoid membrane becomes damaged, causing the inside of the thylakoid to mix with the stroma.
Which of the following processes is likely to be most affected by this damage?
ATP synthesis
What catalyzes carbon fixation?
Rubisco