Steps
List the 3 main steps of cellular respiration in order.
Glycolysis, Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle, ETC & Chemiosmosis
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm/cytosol of the cell.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
in the mitochondrial matrix
Where is the electron transport chain?
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
What organelle is the most vital for cellular respiration?
alcohol fermentation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
How much ATP is made in glycolysis? What is the net gain of ATP
4 ATP are made, net gain of 2 ATP
What is another name for the citric acid cycle?
The krebs cycle.
What is the electron transport chain?
a series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that passes electrons, taking energy from them
How many carbons are in a single pyruvate molecule?
Without enough oxygen, animals undergo...
lactic acid fermentation
Describe the difference between how plants and animals prepare for cellular respiration.
Plants undergo photosynthesis to make glucose
Animals must eat to obtain glucose
2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
What must occur for this cycle to proceed.
pyruvate must be converted to acetyl-coA
(pyruvate oxidation)
What is the final electron acceptor?
OXYGEN
List the 3 energy molecules related to Cellular respiration
FADH2 , NADH, ATP
FALSE
It is NADH in cell resp, not NADPH
What enzyme is required for the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis (the one we have named)?
ATP Synthase
What reactant is/reactants are used in glycolysis?
Glucose
What is produced by the krebs cycle?
2 ATP
2 FADH2
6 NADH
Citrate
CO2
Where do the protons and electrons for ETC/chemiosmosis come from?
FADH2 and NADH
How much ATP is gained during each phase of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis: 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP
ETC/Chemiosmosis: 26-34 ATP
Total between 30-38 ATP
How many ATP are produced through fermentation? During what step is it produced?
2 ATP are produced during glycloysis
What two forms of energy are created from the overall process of cellular respiration?
ATP and Heat
What do the parts of the word glycolysis mean?
lysis = the break down
glyco= glucose/glycogen
Why is the krebs cycle called a cycle?
acetyl-coA becomes citrate (hence the citric acid cycle) and then citrate becomes acetyl-coA in a loop that creates FADH2 and NADH
Describe the creation and movement of H+ in the ETC and chemiosmosis.
The H+ protons from FADH2 and NADH build up in the intermembrane space. The electrochemical gradient they create along with the presence of oxygen in the matrix and the movement of electrons pushes the H+ protons through atp synthase creating ATP.
2H+ are then bonded with Oxygen and 2 e- to create water in the mitochondrial membrane. Water is a waste product of cell respiration.
What is a coenzyme?
an organic molecule that carries protons and electrons
What organisms can generates ATP using an ETC in the absence of oxygen? What is this process called?
Prokaryotes; anaerobic respiration
How do plants and animals get the O2 they need for cellular respiration?
Animals get it through breathing. Plants get it through their stomata.
What are the possible steps that come after glycolysis? Differentiate between when they happen.
Oxygen Check
Intermediate steps (movement of pyruvate across the outer and inner membrane)/Pyruvate oxidation (pyruvate turns to acetyl-CoA): happens when oxygen is present
Fermentation or anaerobic respiration: happens when there oxygen is NOT present
Describe what happens between glycolysis and the krebs cycle
pyruvate gets transported to the mitochondrial matrix where pyruvate oxidation occurs. In pyruvate oxidation, the pyruvates lose a CO2 becoming acetyl groups.
Acetyl binds with coenzyme-A creating acetyl-CoA
How and where is water created through cellular respiration? Describe in detail.
The e- from the electron transport chain, Oxygen, and 2 H+ that have gone through ATP Synthase combine to form water in the mitochondrial matrix.
Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration. How do plants and animals get rid of CO2?
In animals, blood brings CO2 to the lungs, where it is exhaled. In plants, CO2 is released through the stomata or can be used for photosynthesis.
Fermentation occurs in the _______ with/without (pick one) the use of an electron transport chain. Alcohol fermentation turns pyruvate into ____; lactic acid fermentation turns pyruvate into _____.
Fermentation happens in the cytoplasm without an ETC. Alcohol fermentation turns pyruvate into ethanol; lactic acid fermentation turns pyruvate into lactate.