Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic Respiration
100
Cellular respiration occurs is which organisms?
What is all living things
100
Glycolysis is the 'splitting' of _______.
What is glucose
100
How many ATP are produced from the krebs cycle from breakdown of 1 glucose molecule?
What is 2 ATP
100
What is the final acceptor of the electrons in the chain?
What is oxygen
100
In Anaerobic respiration, how much net ATP is produced? using what process? (ETC, Krebs Cycle, Glycolysis)
What is 2 ATP Glycolysis
200
Products of cellular respiration are?
What is CO2, water, ATP (heat)
200
Glycolysis takes place in the ________ of a cell.
What is cytoplasm
200
give 2 other names for the Krebs cycle
What is tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and citric acid cycle
200
NADH and FADH2 produce how many ATP respectively?
What is NADH -> 3 ATP FADH2-> 2 ATP
200
The products of Anaerobic respiration in plants are?
What is CO2 2ATP Ethanol
300
Cellular respiration is a series of _________ reactions taking place inside living cells, which results in the release of energy from organic compounds such as glucose
What is oxidation reactions
300
Glycolysis (does/does not) need oxygen?
What is Glycolysis does not need oxygen. It is the first stage of aerobic respiration and is, in fact, the only stage of anaerobic respiration.
300
how many NADH and FADH2 are formed from 1 cycle
What is 3 NADH and 2 FADH2
300
Electrons are transferred 'downhill' along the electron transport chain by hydrogen carriers and electron carriers, a series of redox reactions occurs. what does 'downhill' refer to in respect to the electrons?
What is electrons losing energy as they are passed from on protein channel to the next
300
In humans the products of anaerobic respiration are? where is this by-product converted back into glycogen?
What is Lactic acid, ATP and converted back in the liver
400
name atleast 3 metabolic reactions that cellular respiration is used for in living organisms.
What is Movement Maintaining a constant body temperature Anabolic processes Active transport Bioluminescence Secretion
400
Name the total products of Glycolysis (not the net)
What is 4 ATP (four ATPs are produced but two ATPs are used up) Two NADH (reduced hydrogen acceptor) Two pyruvate, which enter the link reaction in aerobic respiration.
400
Briefly describe the process of Pyruvate Oxidation
What is 1. Pyruvate (3C) enters the matrix of the mitochondria from the cytoplasm. 2. In the presence of oxygen, it undergoes the aerobic pathway. 3. A molecule of carbon dioxide is removed from pyruvate 4. Hydrogen is removed from the pyruvate . The hydrogen is transferred to the hydrogen acceptor NAD+ to form NADH + H+. 5. The resulting compound, acetic acid, (2C) combines with coenzyme A (CoA) to form the two-carbon molecule acetyl coenzyme A, which then enters Krebs cycle.
400
How much ATP is created from the ETC?
What is 32 ATP 36ATP-4ATP (from Glycolysis, and 2 from Krebs Cycle)
400
Explain why when making bread, the dough rises when heated?
What is When yeast is mixed with dough, it respires anaerobically. Carbon dioxide and ethanol are produced. The carbon dioxide is trapped inside the dough and forms many small bubbles. These expand when the dough is put in a hot oven. As a result, the bread becomes light and spongy. Any ethanol formed is evaporated by the heat.
500
Name 4 differences between photosynthesis and respiration.
What is Photosynthesis A reduction reaction Requires carbon dioxide and water Produces oxygen Energy is absorbed and stored in high energy compounds Occurs in photosynthetic cells only Requires the presence of light An anabolic process Organelle involved is chloroplast Respiration An oxidation reaction Produces carbon dioxide and water Requires oxygen Energy is released from high energy compounds Occurs in all cells Independent of light A catabolic process Organelle involved is mitochondrion
500
Describe the 'Process' of glycolysis starting from glucose and the intermediary steps of how the products are formed.
What is 1. Initially, the glucose splits into two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) which is converted to pyruvate (3C). 2. Hydrogen is removed (this is oxidation) and transferred to the hydrogen acceptor NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form NADH. 3. Enough energy is released at this stage to make two molecules of ATP.
500
Name the following: the 2 carbon molecule that enters the Krebs cycle the 4 carbon molecule that is left at the end of the cycle the 6 carbon molecule that is created
What is Acetyl- CoA Oxaloacetate Citrate
500
How is the Electrochemical concentration gradient created for Chemiosmosis?
What is The energy released by the electron transport chain is linked to pumping hydrogen ions from the matrix into the space between the two membranes of the mitochondrion This results in a higher concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space than in the matrix of the mitochondrion: an electrochemical gradient is set up.
500
Explain why at the end of intense exercise one breathes heavily?
What is oxygen debt During vigorous exercise, metabolic rate of the active muscles increases rapidly and the demand for oxygen rises accordingly. Insufficient oxygen is delivered to the muscles to keep pace with their demands. As a result, the muscles start anaerobically, with the formation of lactic acid The exhaustion of ATP and glycogen and the accumulation of lactic acid make it unable to contract any more do the muscle is said to be fatigued During rest that follows, extra amount of oxygen is required for the conversion or oxidation of lactic acid to pyruvate. Some lactic acid is circulated back to liver where it is converted back to glycogen (also requires oxygen). The amount of oxygen required to break down lactic acid is called oxygen debt and this accounts for the heavy panting after vigorous exercise.
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