DNA Structure
Sugar, base, and phosphate together make this building block.
A nucleotide
These two men are named as co-discoverers of DNA’s shape.
Watson and Crick
Copying DNA during S phase is this process.
DNA replication
New DNA is always built in this direction.
5′ to 3′
DNA to mRNA to protein is this dogma.
The central dogma
The letters that carry the code are this part of the nucleotide.
The nitrogenous base
A pairs with this; G pairs with this.
T; C
This enzyme adds DNA nucleotides.
DNA polymerase
The DNA side made in one piece is this strand.
The leading strand
The single-stranded nucleic acid that carries the message is this.
RNA
The spine of the chain is built from this part plus sugar.
Phosphate
This crystallographer’s photo helped to discover the molecular structure of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
This protein unzips the helix.
Helicase
The DNA side made in pieces is this strand.
The lagging strand
In RNA, A pairs with this letter instead of T.
U
The DNA strands run in a direction called this
Antiparallel
DNA has these two named ends.
5′ and 3′
Replication starts from this short RNA piece.
An RNA primer
Those short pieces are called this.
Okazaki fragments
Writing RNA from DNA is this; building protein from RNA is this.
Transcription; translation
Mitosis wraps DNA around these proteins.
Histones
Cutting out a bad letter and filling in a good one is this.
Excision repair
A chemical that causes mutations is called this.
A carcinogen
A circular plasmid finishes when forks meet; eukaryotic forks run until they hit this.
A chromosome end or another fork
Noncoding RNA is cut out by this process
Splicing