DNA Structure
What is the 3D structure of DNA called?
Double Helix
What organelle contains the majority of a cell's DNA?
The Nucleus
in RNA, T (Thymine) is replaced by ___________
U (Uracil)
What is the purpose of translation?
to create proteins (protein synthesis)
What is a mutation?
a change in the DNA sequence that may cause alteration in the genetic message
What about DNA makes each of us unique?
The sequence of bases/nucleotides
True or False - All cells in a single organism share the same DNA
True
How many Amino Acids are attached to a tRNA?
one
What happens at ribosomes?
mRNA is translated to proteins
A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule usually exist in bacterial cells.
Plasmids
What are the base pairing rules (what binds with what)? And with what type of bonds?
A binds with T, C binds with G...with Hydrogen Bonds
Where does DNA Replication occur?
Inside the nucleus
Where does transcription (DNA -> RNA) occur?
Inside the Nucleus
how many bases are there in an mRNA codon?
3
Which of the following would result in the least significant change to a protein?
insertion, deletion, or substitution
substitution
Which nucleotides are Purines? How many rings do Purines contain in their structure?
Purines = Adenine & Guanine "Pure as Gold". They contain 2 rings in their bases.
2 parts: What enzyme untwists and breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the complementary bases of DNA together? What enzyme synthesizes a new DNA molecule?
1. Helicase 2 DNA Polymerase
A DNA sequence of A C G T transcribes to what mRNA sequence?
UGCA
During Translation, a messenger RNA (mRNA) codon is paired with:
a)The anticodon of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) carrying 3 Amino Acids
b)The anticodon of a transfer RNA (tRNA) carrying 3 Amino Acid
c)The anticodon of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) carrying 1 Amino Acid
d)The anticodon of transfer RNA (tRNA) carrying 1 Amino Acid
d) The anticodon of transfer RNA (tRNA) carrying 1 Amino Acid
Where does mutation usually happens?
DNA replication
Draw and label a diagram of a nucleotide
see board
Explain the presence of Okazaki fragments
Okazaki fragments are made because DNA polymerase can only work on a 5' > 3' direction in the leading strand
What is added on the pre-mRNA to protect from enzyme degradation and to attach to ribosomes?
5' cap and 3' poly-A-tail
What protein comes in when the stop codon is reached?
release factor
Explain the process of DNA recombination
1. Restriction enzymes cuts sugar-phosphate backbones at a specific restriction site.
2. DNA fragment added from another molecule
3. DNA ligase seals strands