DNA Structure
What is the 3D structure of DNA called?
Double Helix
What organelle contains the majority of a cell's DNA?
The Nucleus
in RNA, T (Thymine) is replaced by ___________
U (Uracil)
What is the purpose of translation?
to create proteins (protein synthesis)
What is a mutation?
a change in the DNA sequence that may cause alteration in the genetic message
What about DNA makes each of us unique?
The sequence of bases/nucleotides
True or False - All cells in a single organism share the same DNA
True
How many Amino Acids are attached to a tRNA?
one
What happens at ribosomes?
mRNA is translated to proteins
A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule usually exist in bacterial cells.
Plasmids
What are the base pairing rules (what binds with what)? And with what type of bonds?
A binds with T, C binds with G...with Hydrogen Bonds
Where does DNA Replication occur?
Inside the nucleus
Where does transcription (DNA -> RNA) occur?
Inside the Nucleus
how many bases are there in an mRNA codon?
3
Which of the following would result in the least significant change to a protein?
insertion, deletion, or substitution
substitution
Which nucleotides are Purines? How many rings do Purines contain in their structure?
Purines = Adenine & Guanine "Pure as Gold". They contain 2 rings in their bases.
What enzyme untwists and breaks (unzips) the hydrogen bonds holding the complementary bases of DNA together?
Helicase
A DNA sequence of A C G T transcribes to what mRNA sequence?
UGCA
During Translation, a messenger RNA (mRNA) codon is paired with:
a)The anticodon of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) carrying 3 Amino Acids
b)The anticodon of a transfer RNA (tRNA) carrying 3 Amino Acid
c)The anticodon of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) carrying 1 Amino Acid
d)The anticodon of transfer RNA (tRNA) carrying 1 Amino Acid
d) The anticodon of transfer RNA (tRNA) carrying 1 Amino Acid
During which process does mutation usually happen?
DNA replication
Draw and label a diagram of a nucleotide
see board
What enzyme synthesizes a new DNA molecule?
DNA Polymerase
Name of the enzyme that makes a strand of mRNA?
RNA Polymerase
How many amino acids are used in protein synthesis?
20
If you took out all of our DNA in all of our cells and lined them up end to end, how many miles would it stretch?
372,822,715,342 miles
That's 372 Billion