DNA Structure
Double Helix
What is the 3D structure of DNA called?
In the nucleus
What organelle contains the majority of a cell's DNA?
in RNA, T (Thymine) is replaced by ___________
U (Uracil)
What is the purpose of translation?
to create proteins (protein synthesis)
What is a mutation?
a change in the DNA sequence that may cause alteration in the genetic message
The sequence of bases/nucleotides A-T (U) and C-G
What is the genetic code and the base pair rule?
True or False - All cells in a single organism share the same DNA
What is True
How many Amino Acids are attached to a tRNA?
one
What happens at ribosomes?
tRNA is used to bring the correct amino acid to create proteins
A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule usually exist in bacterial cells.
Plasmids
Hydrogen Bonds
What type of bonds hold the DNA DH together?
The S phase of interphase
Where does DNA Replication (Synthesis) occur?
Where does transcription (DNA -> RNA) occur?
Inside the Nucleus
how many bases are there in an mRNA codon?
3
Substitution
What is a type of mutation?
Adenine & Guanine "Pure as Gold". They contain 2 rings in their bases.
Which nucleotides are Purines?
2 parts: What enzyme untwists and breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the complementary bases of DNA together? What enzyme synthesizes a new DNA molecule?
What is Helicase and DNA Polymerase?
A DNA sequence of A C G T transcribes to what mRNA sequence?
UGCA
start codon
What is the beginning of a protein AA called methionine?
A type of mutation that deletes an amino acid and slides the rest of the translation into the missing code
What is a frame shift mutation?
The three nucleotides that are Pyrimidines.
What are uracil, cytosine and thymine?
Okazaki fragments are made because DNA polymerase can only work on a 5' > 3' direction in the leading strand
Who was the scientist that figured out the lagging strand construction?
Ribosomes
What is the destination of mRNA?
The protein that comes in when the stop codon is reached
What is release factor?
1. Restriction enzymes cuts sugar-phosphate backbones at a specific restriction site.
2. DNA fragment added from another molecule
3. DNA ligase seals strands
What is the process of DNA recombination?