Structure of Nucleic Acids
The sugar in RNA
What is ribose?
DNA replication is this. It means that the copied DNA has this
What is transcription
The two types of mutations
What are gene and chromosomal mutations
In prokaryotic cells, genes of a single pathway may be grouped into these.
What are operons?
The three parts of a nucleotide
What are the sugar, phosphate and nitrogen bases?
This is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to DNA.
What is DNA polymerase?
This is the process that makes polypeptide chains
What is translation
In this type of gene mutation a base pair is substituted but the amino acid remains unchanged.
What is a silent mutation?
The control of gene expression allows only certain genes to be expressed in a particular cell type. This is how cells become
What is differentiated?
Describe the complementary base pairing in DNA and RNA
adenine-thymine, adenine-uracil, guanine-cytosine
DNA polymerase can only add to this end of the DNA molecule
What is th 5'-3' direction? Or it can only add to the 3' end.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time. Each 3 base pairs is referred to as
What are frameshift mutations?
In the lac operon, the lac I gene codes for this which binds to the operator region.
What is a repressor?
The 2 strands of the double helix are
What is antiparallel? (Strands run in opposite directions)
The lagging strand is made up of these
What are Okasaki fragments?
What are the 3 sites in the ribosome that helps to position the mRNA for translation
The four types of chromosomal mutations are:
What are translocation, deletion, duplication and inversion.
When there is plenty of glucose, the lac operon would be switched
What is off?
The three structural differences between DNA and RNA
What is: ribose vs. deoxyribose?
single-stranded vs. double helix
uracil vs thymine
This is the template strand for the leading strand.
What is the 3'to 5' strand?
Describe the path of protein synthesis from the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell. (Include the roles of the 3 types of RNA molecules)
DNA is transcribed to mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA gets processed (introns are spliced) before leaving the nucleus, they travel to the ribosome where the tRNA anticodon bind to the codons, bringing the appropriate AA and having translation occur.
The three types of gene mutations are
What are substitutions (Point), insertion and deletion
Lac Y codes for cell membrane protein that allows lactose to pass across the cell membrane.
Lac Z codes for an enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.