words that end in "ase"
The enzyme that breaks hydrogen between bases in DNA and creates replication forks and bubbles.
What is Helicase?
The place at which DNA replication begins.
What is the origin of replication?
Enzymes that attach to the unwound portions of DNA to prevent the strands from reattaching.
What are ssBps (single stranded binding proteins)?-
The “old” strand of DNA that is used to transcribe the new strand.
What is the template strand?
Opens the double helix and also adds nucleotides, but only in the 5’-3’ direction, however, no RNA primers are needed.
What is RNA polymerase?
The enzyme that relieves tension in double stranded portions of helix as it unwinds.
What is topoisomerase?
It is created by helicase and is the result of the DNA double helix splitting to replicate.
What is the replication fork?
The direction in which DNA is built.
What is 5’ to 3’?
The newly synthesized DNA strand.
What is the Nontemplate strand?
Protein complexes that carry out RNA splicing and are made up of snRNPs or small nuclear ribonucleoproteins combined with pre-mRNA.
What are spliceosomes?
The enzyme that binds together fragmented sections of DNA, mainly okazaki fragments.
What is ligase?
They help regulate the activity of a gene to determine whether or not it will be transcribed into RNA.
What are transcription factors?
The direction in which DNA is read.
What is 3’ to 5’?
The step in DNA transcription when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of a gene.
What is the initiation step?
When extra nucleotide bases known as introns are removed from a pre-RNA molecule and only exons, the genes are left and it is now a mature RNA molecule.
What is Alternative splicing?
The enzyme that removes primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides except for on the 3’ end because there are no primers.
What is DNA polymerase I?
Where the transcription initiation complex binds, in order to form the initiation complex, which is crucial in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
What is the Promoter and TATA box?
The name of the strand in DNA replication that is built continuously.
What is the leading strand?
The adding of nucleotides to growing mRNA strand by RNA polymerase.
What is the elongation step?
It protects the mRNA from exonucleases and is made up of a chain of adenines. It is a product of the polyadenylation sequence, which is transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and adds certain nucleotide bases which results in termination.
What is the Poly-A tail?
The enzyme that adds nucleotides to the new strands in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
What is DNA polymerase III?
They are required in order to build the new bases onto the template strand and are created by RNA primase.
What are RNA primers?
The name of the strand in DNA replication that is built in fragments, also known as Okazaki fragments and takes longer to build.
What is the lagging strand?
When RNA polymerase meets a stop sequence or codon while transcribing DNA.
What is the termination step?
It helps the pre-mRNA leave the nucleus and attach to ribosomes so RNA processing can occur, which results in mature RNA released into the cytoplasm.
What is the 5’ G-cap?