Cultural Characteristics of a Society
Rafael has lived in Turkey his whole life and he has a best friend who lives in the USA named Charlie. The two face time everyday to talk about what is happening in their lives. While they were face timing, Rafael saw Charlie's t-shirt and thought it was cool and that he had never seen it before. Rafael bought the t-shirt and people at school saw it and bought it also. What type of diffusion is this? Is this assimilation, acculturation, or syncretism?
Expansion diffusion, acculturation
What are the 3 groups that languages can be organized into from largest to smallest? How long ago did two of them exist and how long ago can one's common origin be traced back?
1. Language family: Before recorded history
2. Language branch: Several thousand years ago
3. Language group: Can be tracked to recent past
What is the main difference between centripetal and centrifugal forces?
Centripetal forces pull people together and centrifugal forces push them apart.
What is a community-drive process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, play, work, and learn?
Placemaking
When Raina, a Jordan native visits Palestine, she notices that they say words in Arabic different than her Arabic. This is an example of a ______.
Dialect
Maria is a native to Honduras who has moved to the United States. Maria, Ricky, and Sophia are sharing their favorite foods. Maria shares her favorite food curiles, a Honduran dish with clams in a sauce made of their blood and Worcestershire sauce. When she says this Sophia says how disgusting that is and how she would never eat it. Ricky adds how it sounds like a cool food and he could see why she might like it. What is Ricky using? What is Sophia using?
Cultural Relativism, Ethnocentrism
What is the language family with the most speaker? What are the four largest branches of this language?
Indo-European
1. Indo-Iranian
2. Germanic
3. Balto-Slavic
4. Romance Languages (largest part of Italic branch)
Give two examples of a centripetal force.
Give two examples of a centrifugal force.
*Answers will vary
Centripetal: ex., Nationalism, ethnic unity and tolerance, social or economic equity, just and fair legal system, religious acceptance, common heritage, and language
Centrifugal: ex., ethnic conflict, social injustice, poverty, dictatorial leadership, religious intolerance, nationalism, and loss of rights
What is the spread of an underlying principle even if the characteristic itself fails to diffuse?
Stimulus Diffusion
Why has the method of culture and language spreading changed from relocation diffusion to expansion diffusion?
Increased technology, communication systems, and globalization
Artifacts: Beds, TV, statues
Sociofact: The idea that being rude is wrong and that they should be nice to all
Mentifact: Hindi Religion
When the French overtook Louisiana, the language of the indigenous people mixed with the language of the French. This developed a unique style of speaking in Louisiana still used today. What is this an example of?
Creole or Creolized Language
Centrifugal
What are symbols used to represent words or meaningful parts of words
Logograms
Why does English resemble many of the languages? Also, why is American English not the same as British English?
English resembles many of the languages because of the successive invasions of the British Isles. Each of the invaders brought their own language which mixed with the British language to create English. The two are different because US English evolved from the lack of interaction and the space between the USA and Great Britain.
Bobby is visiting his grandparents overseas in the summer. While he is there, Bobby spots a great amount of architecture including arches, temples with columns, and very tall and old cathedrals. What does this show about this place?
The cultural landscape has been heavily affected by sequent occupancy.
The language Tagin is spoken by some of the people who live in India. Tagin is spoken by the children, adults, and elders in this region, but Tagin can't be written. What type of language is Tagin? What does Tagin lack?
Vigorous language, literary tradition
The Robinson family has just moved to a new country. Mr. Robinson is going to the store and he can't communicate with any of the store workers. Mrs. Robinson goes to the store the next day and finds someone who speaks her native language. What forces do Mr. and Mrs. Robinson encounter on their trip to the store?
Mr. Robinson-Centrifugal
Mrs. Robinson-Centripetal
What is a boundary that separate regions in which different languages predominate?
Isogloss
Where do we assume that all languages started? What evidence supports this?
Africa, the fact that languages are the most advanced and diverse there means that they have had more time to evolve and change.
Advantages: It lets many people explore other cultures without having to travel the globe. Also, it can occasionally lead to the saving of a culture if someone invests in that culture from what they found online. Finally, it can lead to the democratization of locations and sharing of knowledge which would help cultures.
Disadvantages: This globalization could also cause the loss of small, unique cultures as the pop culture takes over. These cultures would be wiped out because ideas and themes are now spread throughout the world quicker.
Sarah speaks English, but her best friend doesn't know any English and only speaks Spanish. The best way that they can communicate is by simplifying their grammar and using less vocabulary. This lets them communicate better than before. Spanish and English are used in communication all around the world which makes them ______? What language are Sarah and her friend using to communicate?
Lingua Franca, Pidgin Language
Mary is visiting Germany on vacation. As she is heading down the street she sees people talking about how amazing Germany is and how they are proud to be German. Mary does not know how to feel about what they said. How could this expression be a centripetal force and how could it be a centrifugal force.
What is designated by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily communication and correspondence?
Working Language
What are some examples of a culture having an effect on the landscape? What is this defined as?
*Answer may vary
ex., Roman domes, Greek colosseums, Egyptian pyramids, and Filipino rice terraces