Vasospasm
Hunt-Hess
Arteoriovenous Malformation
Arteriovenous Fistula
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula
100
constriction of arterial smooth muscle layer of the major cerebral arteries, occurs in 60% of patients 4-14 days after SAH
What is a vasopasm?
100
Deep coma, decerebrate posturing, moribund appearance
What is stage V in the Hunt Hess scale?
100
300,000 people
What is the amount of Americans with Arteriovenous malformation?
100
A direct connection between the intracavernous internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus
What is Type A fistula?
100
Indirect communication between a meningeal artery and a vein
What is dural arteriovenous fistula?
200
Increasing CPP (cerebral perfusion pressure)
What is the treatment goal of vasospasm?
200
Drowsiness, confusion, minimal focal neurological deficit
What is stage III in the Hunt-Hess scale?
200
tangled mass arteries and veins (feeding vessels, nidus, drainining vessels), does not possess a capillary bed
What is an Arteriovenous Malformation?
200
A dural shunt between intracavernous branches of the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus
What is Type B fistula?
200
With venous ecstasias of the cortical veins
What is Type 4 Dural Arteriovenous fistula?
300
Hypervolemia, hemodilution and hypertension
What is the "triple H" therapy plan for vasospasm?
300
Stupor, moderate to severe hemiparesis, possible decerebrate rigidity
What is stage IV in the Hunt Hess scale?
300
Endovascular intro of agents, standard microneurosurgical techniques to remove an AVM, radiosurgery
What are the three modalities of treatment for Arteriovenous malformation?
300
Tend to be lower-flow and lower-pressure fistulas with a slower progression of signs and symptoms
What are the types B,C and D fistulas?
300
Reflux of arterial blood from the dural sinus itself into subarachnoid veins
What is Type 2 Dural Arteriovenous fistula?
400
gradual neurological deterioration, confusion, decreased LOC to coma, paresis/paralysis, cranial nerve deficits, aphasia
What are some signs and symptoms of a cerebral vasospasm?
400
Asymptomatic or mild headache, slight nuchal rigidity
What is stage I in the Hunt-Hess scale?
400
Makes surgical removal of AVM significantly safer
What is endovascular?
400
Carotid self compression for 20-30 seconds four times per hour may lead to thrombosis of the fistula
What is the treatment for Type B, C and D fistulas?
400
Meningeal branches directly shunt within a dural sinus through a capillary network
What is Type 1 Dural Arteriovenous fistula?
500
poorly understood, may be related to amount of blood in the subarachnoid space and basal cisterns
What is the pathogenesis of a vasospasm?
500
Moderate to severe headache, cranial nerve palsy, nuchal rigidity
What is stage II in the Hunt-Hess scale?
500
moniter catheter site for bleeding or hematoma, monitor leg for signs of ischemia, notify MD immediately if you notice (pain, pallor, etc.)
What is the nursing care postprocedure for endovascular arteriovenous malformation?
500
Selective carotid angiography, CT scan of orbit, orbital ultrasound
What are diagnostics tests for Arteriovenous fistula?
500
Dural Meningeal capillaries connect directly with pial cortical veins
What is Type 3 Dural Arteriovenous fistula?
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