Emulsions
What are the two types of irreversible instability in emulsions?
1) Coalescence
2) Breaking
What are the 3 types of inhalation aerosol systems?
1) Nebulizer
2) MDI
3) DPI
What is the primary function of the valve in an aerosol system?
to regulate the flow of the therapeutic agent and propellant from the container
What are the two regions of the respiratory tract?
conducting (central) and respiratory (peripheral)
What is my favorite nonalcoholic drink? Bonus points if you know my favorite alcoholic drink.
Mountain Dew Code Red
Bonus: Washington Apple or Apple Crown
a process that is used for particle size reduction, mixing, and stabilization of dispersions or droplets under very high pressures, sheer, turbulence, and acceleration
homogenization
What are the two things that a propellant supplies the necessary pressure for within an aerosol system?
1) to expel material from container
2) convert the material into the desired physical form (in combination with other components)
What is one of two systems that can be formulated when liquified gases are used as a propellant?
1) Two-phase system
2) Three-phase system
The most fundamentally important physical property of an aerosolfor inhalation is its _________.
particle size
What is the only sport I keep up with? Bonus points if you know my favorite team and/or driver
Formula 1
Bonus: Red Bull Oracle Racing and Max Verstappen
What are the two reversible types of instability in emulsions?
1) Flocculation
2) Creaming
What is one disadvantage of using CFCs?
1) Reduce the amount of atmospheric ozone
2) Contribute to greenhouse effect
3) High cost
What type of propellant tends to lose pressure over time?
compressed gas
According to MMAD, what particle size is not deposited, but exhaled?
<1 micrometer
What is the name of any of my little sisters? Bonus points if you can tell me which one is my irish twin
Olivia, Sydney, Aubree, and Kadynce
Bonus: Olivia
What is the first step in preparing a W/O emulsion?
Oil phase is heated until liquified (usually the oil phase may contain multiple lipophilic phases)
What is one advantage to using HFA?
1) Low inhalation toxicity
2) High chemical stability
3) High purity
4) No impact on the ozone layer
In a valve, what is the purpose of a dip tube?
to bring the formulation from the container to the valve
List two out of the six advantages to using an inhalation formulation?
1) Highly vascularized tissue (rapid absorption)
2) Large absorptive surface
3) High permeability of the alveoli
4) Molecules absorbed in the lung for systemic delivery bypass the portal circulation (first-pass metabolism)
5) Pulmonary delivery may be used for drugs having local or systemic delivery
6) Low intrinsic activity of lung enzymes (drugs metabolism is not significant)
What is my top ranked love language? Bonus points if you can list my bottom ranked love language.
Quality time
Bonus: verbal affirmations
List any 2 out of the 5 ways to get a stable emulsion.
1) Select correct emulsifying agents
2) Get small and uniform-sized droplets
3) Optimize phase-volume ratio
4) Optimize viscosity of the external phase
5) Minimize the density difference between internal and external phases
What is the method used to manufacture aerosols that takes advantage of the property that some ingredients will liquefy when cooled?
Cold fill process
What comprises a three-phase aerosol system?
1) Aqueous layer
2) Liquid propellant layer
3) Vapor phase
In Pulmonary Drug Absorption, what happens to undissolved particles?
cleared by macrophages or mucociliary clearance
According to all the TikTok psychics, what are the two possible zodiac signs of my soulmate? Bonus points if you know my zodiac sign
Sagittarius and Scorpio
Bonus: Capricorn