Research Approaches
Experimental research apporach
A weak experimental design where the participants are in one group, they are given a treatment, and then a posttest
One-group posttest-only design
Experimental design in which all participants are administered a pretest, then half of the participants receive treatment and the other half are assigned to wait. After the treatment, all participants are administered another test, the the wait group receives the treatment and are administered a final posttest
Wait-list comparison-group design
Selection from the population of interest of study participants using a random selection technique so that the sample is representative of all the possible participants who fit the selection criteria
Random sampling
A weak quasi-experimental design where there are two groups with no random assignment, where one group receives the treatment, then both groups complete a posttest
Posttest-only nonequivalent groups design
A weak experimental design where all of the participants are in the same group. A pretest is conducted, then the treatment is given to all of the participants, and then the posttest is conducted
One-group pretest-posttest design
Research approach with at least one attribute independent variable and no active independent variable
Nonexperimental research approaches
Experimental design in which all participants are exposed to every treatment or condition, but participants are assigned to groups that are exposed to these conditions in different orders
Within-subjects randomized experimental design
Quasi-experimental design in which a baseline is determined to be stable prior to an intervention so that the researcher can conclude that the change in the dependent variable is due to the intervention and not other environmental factors AND there is a comparison group that receives the same number of measurements but does not receive the intervention
Multiple group time-series design
Experimental approach that does not require random assignment
Quasi-experimental approach
Two or more randomly assigned groups of participants are administered a pretest, then the intervention groups receive the treatment, then all participants are administered a posttest
Pretest-posttest control group design
An experimental design with participants randomly assigned to groups, then the intervention group receives the intended intervention and the control group receives a different intervention (or no intervention) and afterwards both are given a posttest
Posttest-only control-group design
Research approach which answers descriptive questions using only descriptive statistics
Quasi-experimental design involving only one group in which a baseline is determined to be stable prior to an intervention so that the researcher can conclude that the change in the dependent variable is due to the intervention and not other experimental factors
Single-group time-series design
Experimental 2 x 2 factorial design where one intervention group receives the pre-test while the other intervention group does not and one no intervention group rececives the pretest while the other does not
Solomon four-group design