Ch. 7.8 Circulatory System Key Terms
is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, the largest artery system in the body and it closes when the left ventricle is finished contracting, allowing blood to flow into the aorta and preventing blood from flowing back into the left ventricle
aortic valve
also known as the cardiovascular system, is often referred to as the “transportation” system of the body, and it transports nutrients and wastes, oxygen and carbon dioxide, hormones, and antibodies contained in the blood
circulatory system
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
left atrium
a double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart, and the lubricating fluid, pericardial fluid, fills the space between the two layers to prevent friction and damage to the membranes as the heart beats or contracts
pericardium
a muscular wall that separates the heart into a right side and left side, and it prevents blood from moving between the right and left sides of the heart
septum
abnormal heart rhythms and can be mild to life threatening
arrhythmias
although they are separated by the septum, the right and left side of the heart work together in a cycle manner and the cycle consists of a brief period of rest
diastole
receives blood from the left atrium and pumps the blood into the aorta for transport to the body cells
left ventricle
blood is made of the fluid called … and formed or solid elements called blood cells and is approximately 90 percent water, with may dissolved, or suspended, substances
plasma
followed by a period of ventricular contraction
systole
carries blood away from the heart
arteries
a smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart and is continuous with the inside of blood vessels and it allows for the smooth flow of blood
endocardium
or white blood cells, are not as numerous as are erythrocytes and they are formed in the bone marrow and lymph tissue and usually live about 3-9 days
leukocytes
located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, a blood vessel that carries blood to the lungs, and it closes when the right ventricle has finished contracting, preventing blood from flowing back into the right ventricle
pulmonary valve
also called platelets are usually described as fragments or pieces of cells because they lack nuclei and vary in shape and size and they are formed in the bone marrow and love for about 5-9 days
thrombocytes
flows through the circulatory system is often called a tissue because it contains many kinds of cells
blood
or red blood cells, are produced in the red bone marrow at a rate of about one million per minute and they live approximately 120 days before being broken down by the liver and spleen
erythrocytes
located between the left atrium and left ventricle, and it closes when the left ventricle is contracting, allowing blood to flow into the aorta (for transport to the body), preventing blood from flowing back into the left atrium
mitral valve
receives blood as it returns from the body cells
right atrium
located between the right atrium and it closes when the right ventricle contracts, allowing blood to flow to the lungs and preventing blood from flowing back into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
connect arterioles with venules, the smallest veins and is located in close proximity to almost every cell in the body
capillaries
a complex protein composed of the protein molecule called goblin and the iron compound called heme and it also carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide
hemoglobin
the thickest layer and the muscular middle layer
myocardium
receives blood from the right atrium and pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries the blood to the lungs for oxygen
right ventricle
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
veins