Ch. 07 Key Terms
The study of the form and structure of an organism
what is anatomy
a part of the cell that contains two centrioles which separate to form cytoplasmic spindle fibers between them during mitosis
what is cytoplasmic
Swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.
what is edema
The complete set of all genetic instructions (DNA) found in an organism.
What is genome
the main tissue component of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and nerves), made of cells (neurons) that transmit electrical signals to control and coordinate body activities.
what is the nervous tissue
The ability of the body or a cell to maintain a stable, balanced internal environment (like temperature, pH, and water balance) despite changes in external conditions.
what is homeostasis
disease acquired during development of the infant in the uterus and existing at or dating from birth
what is congenital
A network of membranes inside a cell that is involved in processing and transporting proteins (Rough ER) and manufacturing lipids (Smooth ER).
endoplasmic reticulum
A cell organelle that helps modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids (fats) for storage or transport out of the cell.
what is the golgi apparatus
A small, dense structure found inside the cell's nucleus where ribosomes (which make proteins) are produced.
what is the nucleolus
The process of cell division where one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. This process is used for growth and repair of tissues.
what is Mitosis
The supporting fabric of organs and other body parts
what is connective tissue
The tissue that covers the surfaces of the body (like the outer layer of skin), lines internal organs and body cavities (like the inside of the stomach), and forms glands.
what is epithelial tissue
Describes a disease caused by a pathogen (like a bacterium, virus, or fungus) that can be spread from one organism to another.
what is infectious
The study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease or injury (in other words, what goes wrong and how it affects the body).
what is pathophysiology
Unspecialized cells that have the unique ability to develop into many different types of specialized cells in the body (such as muscle cells, blood cells, or brain cells).
What are stem cells
Describes a disease or condition characterized by the progressive deterioration or loss of function in a tissue or organ over time.
What is degenerative
The study of the cause or origin of a disease.
what is etiology
Small organelles within a cell that contain digestive enzymes. They act as the cell's "recycling center," breaking down waste materials, foreign invaders, and old cell parts.
what is lysosomes
Small pouches (vesicles) formed by the cell membrane as it folds inward to "drink" or take in small amounts of extracellular fluid and dissolved substances.
what is the pinocytic vesicles
Membrane-bound sacs within a cell that primarily function as storage (holding water, food, or waste). They are typically very large in plant cells and small, if present, in animal cells.
What are vacuoles
Caused by an insufficient amount of tissue fluid, resulting from losing more water than is taken in.
What is dehydration
Segments of DNA that act as the basic units of heredity. They contain the instructions for building specific proteins, which determine an organism's traits.
what are genes
A type of tissue composed of cells that have the ability to contract (shorten), which allows for movement of the body and internal organs.
what is muscle tissue
A medical forecast of the likely future course, development, and outcome of a disease or condition.