Ch. 07 Key Terms
What does Anatomy mean?
The study of the form and structure of an organism.
What is a diagnosis?
Identifying the disease or stating what it is.
What is a homeostasis?
A constant state of natural balance within the body.
What is a organ?
Two or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function.
What are stem cells?
Cells that have the ability to transform themselves into any of the body's specialized cells and perform many different functions (specifically referring to embryonic stem cells in context).
What does cell mean?
The basic unit of structure and function in all living things. They are microscopic structures that carry on all the functions of life.
What is edema?
A condition, also called swelling of the tissues, that occurs when there is an excess amount (too much) of tissue fluid.
What is a infectious?
Caused by a pathogenic (germ-producing) organism such as a bacteria or virus.
What is a organelle?
Cell structures that help a cell to function, located in the cytoplasm.
What are vacuoles?
Pouchlike structures found throughout the cytoplasm. They are filled with a watery substance, stored food, or waste products.
What is a cell membrane?
The outer protective covering of the cell, also called the plasma membrane. It is semipermeable, allowing certain substances to enter and leave the cell while preventing the passage of others.
What is a endoplasmic reticulum?
A fine network of tubular structures located in the cytoplasm. This network allows for the transport of materials into and out of the nucleus, and also aids in the synthesis and storage of proteins.
What are lysosomes?
Oval or round bodies found throughout the cytoplasm. These structures contain digestive enzymes that digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign materials.
What is physiology?
The study of the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work.
What are pinocytic vesicles?
Pocketlike folds in the cell membrane. These folds allow large molecules such as proteins and fats to enter the cell.
What is a cytoplasm?
A semifluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus. It is the site for all chemical reactions that take place in the cell, such as protein synthesis and cellular respiration.
What are genes?
The structures that carry inherited characteristics.
What is the mitochondria?
Mitochondria: Rod-shaped organelles located throughout the cytoplasm. They are often called the "furnaces" or "powerhouses" of the cell because they break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the major energy source of the cell.
What is protoplasm?
The basic substance of all life. This material makes up all living things.
What is a muscle tissue?
Produces power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers.
What is dehydration?
A condition that occurs when there is an insufficient amount (not enough) of tissue fluid.
What is a genome?
The total mass of genetic instruction humans inherit from their parents. It consists of strings of DNA nucleotides.
What is the nucleus?
A mass in the cytoplasm. It is often called the "brain" of the cell because it controls many cell activities and is important in the process of mitosis or cell division.
Cells that have the ability to transform themselves into any of the body's specialized cells and perform many different functions (specifically referring to embryonic stem cells in context).
What is a nerve tissue?
Made up of special cells called neurons. It controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting messages throughout the body.