Ch. 07 KEY TERMS
What is Anatomy
Is the study of the form and structure of an organism
The basic unit of structure and function in all living things. They are microscopic structures that carry on all the functions of life.
What is a Cell Membrane
The outer protective covering of the cell, also called the plasma membrane. It is semipermeable, allowing certain substances to enter and leave the cell while preventing the passage of others.
What is a Centrosome
A structure located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus that contains two centrioles and is involved in cell division (mitosis).
What is Chromatin
Material located in the nucleus made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein. During cell reproduction, it condenses to form rod-like structures called chromosomes.
What is Congenital
Acquired during the development of the infant in the uterus and existing at or dating from birth.
What is Connective Tissue
The supporting fabric of organs and other body parts.
What is Cytoplasm
A semifluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus. It is the site for all chemical reactions that take place in the cell, such as protein synthesis and cellular respiration.
What is a Degenerative
Caused by a deterioration of the function or structure of body tissues and organs, either by normal body aging or lifestyle choices.
What is Dehydration
A condition that occurs when there is an insufficient amount (not enough) of tissue fluid.
What is a Diagnosis
Identifying the disease or stating what it is.
What is Edema
A condition, or swelling of the tissues, that occurs when there is an excess amount (too much) of tissue fluid.
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum
A fine network of tubular structures located in the cytoplasm. It allows for the transport of materials into and out of the nucleus, and aids in the synthesis and storage of proteins.
What are Vacuoles
Pouchlike structures found throughout the cytoplasm that are filled with a watery substance, stored food, or waste products.
What is Tissue
Formed when cells of the same type join together for a common purpose.
What is a System
Organs and other body parts joined together to perform a particular function.
What is Protoplasm
The basic substance of all life. This material makes up all living things.
What is Prognosis
Refers to a prediction of the probable course and/or the expected outcome of the disease.
What are Pinocytic Vesicles
Pocketlike folds in the cell membrane that allow large molecules such as proteins and fats to enter the cell.
What is Pathophysiology
The study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes.
What is Mitosis
A form of asexual reproduction where most cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells.
What is a Mitochondria
Rod-shaped organelles, often called the "furnaces" or "powerhouses" of the cell. They break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the major energy source of the cell.
What are Lysosomes
Oval or round bodies found throughout the cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes. They digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign materials, and fuse with stored food vacuoles to convert food into energy.
What is Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that covers the surface of the body and is the main tissue in the skin. It also forms the lining of body tracts and cavities, and forms body glands.
What is a Genome
The total mass of genetic instruction humans inherit from their parents, consisting of strings of DNA nucleotides.