Ch. 07 KEY TERMS
What is an anatomy?
The study of the form and structure of an organism.
What is a cell?
Microscopic structures that carry on all the functions of life.
What is the cell membrane?
The outer protective covering of the cell. It is also called the plasma membrane.
What is a centrosome?
Located in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus. It contains two centrioles.
What is chromatin?
Located in the nucleus and made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein.
What does congenital mean?
Acquired during development of the infant in the uterus and existing at or dating from birth.
What is connective tissue?
The supporting fabric of organs and other body parts.
What is cytoplasm?
A semifluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus.
What does degenerative mean?
Caused by a deterioration of the function or structure of body tissues and organs either by normal body aging or lifestyle choices.
What is dehydration?
A condition where there is not enough tissue fluid.
What is a diagnosis?
Identifying the disease or stating what it is
What is edema?
A condition where there is too much tissue fluid, or swelling of the tissues.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
A fine network of tubular structures located in the cytoplasm. This network allows for the transport of materials into and out of the nucleus, and also aids in the synthesis and storage of protein.
What is epithelial tissue?
Covers the surface of the body and is the main tissue in the skin. It forms the lining of the intestinal, respiratory, circulatory, and urinary tracts, and forms the body glands.
What is etiology?
Refers to the cause of the disease.
What are genes?
The structures that carry inherited characteristics.
What is a genome?
The total mass of genetic instruction humans inherit from their parents.
What is the golgi apparatus?
A stack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm. This structure produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell.
What is homeostasis?
A constant state of natural balance within the body. (Note: The list spells this homeostasis, but the book spells it homeostasis).
What does infectious mean?
Caused by a pathogenic (germ-producing) organism such as a bacteria or virus.
What does inherited mean?
Transmitted from parents to child genetically.
What are lysosomes?
Oval or round bodies found throughout the cytoplasm. These structures contain digestive enzymes that digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign materials.
What is meiosis?
This process uses two separate cell divisions to produce four new cells.
What are mitochondria?
Rod-shaped organelles located throughout the cytoplasm. These are often called the "furnaces" or "powerhouses" of the cell.
What is mitosis?
A form of asexual reproduction (cell division). This process results in two identical daughter cells.