SCALES
Consists of categories with different names. Does not make any quantitative distinctions between observations.
What is Nominal Scale?
A set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting information.
What is statistics?
A set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study
What is population?
Evaluates the effect of a treatment or event by comparing observations made before versus after the treatment.
A variable that is manipulated by the researcher
Consists of categories in an ordered sequence; ranks observations in terms of size or magnitude.
What is Ordinal Scale?
Techniques that allow us to study samples and make generalizations about the corresponding populations.
What is inferential statistics?
A value, usually numerical, that describes a population.
What is a parameter?
One variable is manipulated while another is observed and measured. This establishes a cause-and-effect relationship.
What is an experimental method?
The variable that is observed to assess the effect of the treatment.
Consists of ordered categories with intervals of exactly the same size. Equal differences between #s on the scale reflect equal differences in magnitude.
What is Interval Scale?
Statistical procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data.
What is descriptive statistics?
A value, usually numerical, that describes a sample
What is a statistic?
Two different variables are observed to determine whether there is a relationship between them.
A variable that consists of separate, indivisible categories. No values exist between two neighboring categories.
What is a discrete variable?
Consists of categories with intervals of exactly the same size. This scale contains an absolute zero point.
The naturally occurring discrepancy between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter.
What is the sampling error?
A set of individuals selected from a population
What is a sample?
A collection of subjects that are formed without the researcher controlling their assignments to groups.
What is a nonequivalent group study?
A variable with an infinite number of possible values that can be divisible into an infinite number of fractional parts.
An example of this scale of measurement is the Kelvin Scale, which contains an absolute zero.
What is the Ratio Scale?
Boundaries of intervals for scores represented on a continuous number line. This separates into an upper or a lower category.
What are real limits?
A collection of measurements or observations
Individuals in the experimental condition receive the experimental treatment, while those in the ________ condition receive no treatment or only a placebo.
What is a control condition?
The "independent variable" that's used to create different groups of scores in a non-experimental study.
What is a quasi-independent variable?