Feudalism
In European feudal society, which group held land directly from the Crown and was responsible for dividing it among knights in exchange for loyalty and military service?
Who are Barons and Nobles
How did the widespread devastation of the Black Death alter European beliefs and attitudes?
- why would god do this?
- why are peasants forces to suffer more than the kings/nobles
Laws enacted in medieval Europe to control personal consumption and regulate what clothing different social classes could wear were called ___________ laws.
sumptuary
In what ways were the social structures of feudal Europe and the medieval Catholic Church similar?
- strict
- most people on the bottom with the worst situations
- taxes/tithes punished the bottom
- wealth and land held by small groups at the top
Just as the Crown sat at the top of the land-based feudal pyramid, this spiritual leader occupied the absolute top position of authority in the Catholic Church hierarchy
the Pope
Peasants who were legally bound to the land and required permission from the lord to leave the manor were known as ...?
Who are serfs?
Which group of women generally experienced the fewest personal rights and choices in medieval society, particularly regarding marriage decisions?
Noble women
Members of the congregation were expected to support their local church priest by paying a _______ ,which was a tax equal to a portion of their agricultural yields or earnings.
tithe
What was the primary purpose of an oath of allegiance? (why/what did Knights commit to the Kings?)
to pledge military service in return for protection and land
According to medieval law, a runaway serf who managed to hide in a town for this exact length of time without being claimed by their lord gained legal freedom?
One year and one day.
How were farming lands typically organized for peasant use on a medieval manor?
Narrow strips/farmed collectively
Explain how the Hundred Years' War contributed to the outbreak of peasant revolts in England and France.
- higher taxes to pay for war
What key societal role did medieval monasteries and convents serve beyond daily worship and prayer?
- schools
- healthcare
- care for the poor
What were the result of the Peasants' Revolts of the late 14th century?
- not successful
- but the system had broken down, the peasants were no longer accepting Feudalism, never went back.
what happened during the peasants revolt?
- burned manors
- killed nobles
Which of the following were major characteristics or opportunities associated with medieval town life compared to country manors?
- social mobility
- serfs could gain freedom
- guilds
- poor living conditions
- people living close to each other in towns
- trade
What groups of people were blamed for the spreading of disease during the plague?
Jews and Muslims
- people that were different
What were some opportunities available to women living in medieval towns?
- inheriting guild memberships and land
- working alongside their husbands
- masters of craft in textiles and brewing
What are the three new social classes after feudalism falls apart?
- Aristocracy
- Middle class
- Lower class
What was a journeyman within the medieval guild system?
- skilled worker
- trained apprentices
How did the black death change the relationship between lords and the surviving peasants?
- labour shortage
- they were worth more to work
- farms went bankrupt
How did the loss of serfs during the Black Death force many feudal lords into financial hardship or bankruptcy?
- to expensive (24,000 --> 70,000 pennies per day)
Renaissance means?
rebirth
This term defines any social or political system where individuals are strictly ranked above or below one another according to status, authority, or birth right.
What is a heirarchy?