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having no fixed home, moving from place to place according to seasons and availability of food and water.
Nomadic
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
Christopher Columbus
was a soldier and writer who is best known for his role in establishing the Virginia colony at Jamestown, England’s first permanent colony in North America.
John Smith
founded the Province of Pennsylvania, the British North American colony that became the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
William Penn
a conflict in North America, lasting from 1754 to 1763, that was a part of a worldwide struggle between France and Britain and that ended with the defeat of France and the transfer of French Canada to Britain.
French & Indian War
a native american people that settled in the Valley of Mexico in the 1200’s A.D. and later developed a powerful empire.
Aztec
a system in which Spanish authorities granted colonial landlords the service of Native Americans as forced labor.
encomienda
is a historic site in east Virginia, home to the ruins of the first permanent English settlement in North America
Jamestown
an economic system in which nations seek to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade
Mercantilism
the transatlantic system of trade in which goods and people, including slaves,were exchanged between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies of North America
Triangular Trade
a period of European history, lasting from about 1400 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world.
Renaissance
the transfer beginning with Columbus’s first voyage- of plants, animals, and diseases between the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere.
Columbian Exchange
a member of a group that wanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Cathlic ritual and traditions in the church of England.
Puritan
a series of laws enacted by Parliament, beginning in 1615, to tighten England’s control of trade in its American colonies.
Navigation Acts
a revival of religious feeling in American colonies during the 1730s and 1750s.
The Great Awakening
a religious movement in the 16th-century Europe, growing out of the desire to reform the Roman Cathlic Church and leading the establishment of various Protestant churches.
Reformation
the first group encountered by Columbus and his men when they reached the Americas.
Taino
a conflict, in the years 1675 - 1676, between New england colonist and Native American groups allied under the leadership of the Wampanoag chief Metacom.
King Phillip's War
an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England following Plymouth Colony. Winthrop led the first large wave of colonists from England in 1630 and served as governor for 12 of the colony's first 20 years.
John Winthrop
the voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the West indies and later to North America.
Middle Passage
a group of Native American peoples- descendents of Anasazi- inhabiting the deserts of southwest
Pueblo
an 18th-century intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method as means of obtaining knowledge.
Enlightenment
a member of the Society of Friends, a religious group persecuted for its beliefs in the 17th-century England
Quaker
a person who has contracted to work for another for a limited period, often in return for travel expenses, selter, and sustenance.
Indentured Servant
an order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Proclamation of 1763