John Quincy Adams Presidency
Three key elements: protective tariffs to stimulate manufacturing, federally subsidized roads and canals to facilitate commerce, and a national bank to control credit and provide a uniform currency.
What was Henry Clay's American System?
Helped Jackson win the presidency, but it saddled him with a major political crisis. Raised duties significantly on raw materials, textiles, and iron goods.
What was the Tariff of 1828?
Sparked the creation in the mid-1830s of a second national party: The Whigs.
What was Jackson's Presidency?
ideal communities that would allow people to live differently and realize their spiritual potential
Who were the utopias?
drew on the religious enthusiasm of the Second Great Awakening.
What was the Abolitionist Crusade of the 1830s?
A powerful and potentially oppressive national administration.
What was the consolidated government?
Prohibited the collection of the duties in South Carolina after February 1, 1833, and threatened secession if federal officials tried to collect them.
What was the ordinance?
Wanted a political world dominated by men of ability and wealth.They also advocated an elite based on talent, not birth.
What was the Whigs ideology?
challenged traditional property rights and gender roles
who were the communalists?
an informal network of whites and free blacks in Richmond, Charleston, and other southern towns that assisted fugitives.
What was the underground railroad?
The new tariff enraged the South, which produced the world’s cheapest raw cotton and did not need to protect its main industry. Moreover, the tariff cost southern planters about $100 million a year. Planters had to buy either higher-cost American textiles and iron goods, thus enriching northeastern businesses and workers, or highly dutied British imports, thus paying the expenses of the national government.
What was the Tariff of Abominations?
the argument that a state has the right to void, within its borders, a law passed by Congress — rested on the constitutional arguments developed in The South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828).
What was South Carolina's act of nulification?
Rejected their party’s enthusiasm for high tariffs and social mobility, and John C. Calhoun was their spokesman.
What did the Southern Whigs Reject?
celibacy, communal living, and the confession of sin
What was the Shaker's theology?
To spread their message, the abolitionists turned to mass com- munication. Using new steam-powered presses to print a million pamphlets, the American Anti-Slavery Society carried out a ______.
what was the "great postal campaign" in 1835?
Placed relatively high duties on imports of cheap English cotton cloth, allowing New England textile producers to control that segment of the market.
What was the Tariff of 1816?
Asserted that, because state-based conven- tions had ratified the Constitution, sovereignty lay in the states, not in the people.
What was the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798?
The architect of the Democratic Party and Jackson’s handpicked successor. Like Jackson, he denounced the American System and warned that its revival would create a “consolidated govern- ment.” Positioning himself as a defender of individual rights, he also condemned the efforts of Whigs and moral reformers to enact state laws imposing tem- perance and national laws abolishing slavery. “The gov- ernment is best which governs least” became his motto in economic, cultural, and racial matters.
Who was Van Buren?
a young cook in Manchester, England, had a vision that she was an incarnation of Christ. Four years later, she led a few followers to America and established a church near Albany, New York.
Who was Ann Lee Stanley (Mother Ann)?
Allowed owners and their hired slave catchers to seize suspected runaways and return them to bondage.
What was the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793?
By increasing duties on wool, hemp, and other imported raw materials,Van Buren and his Jacksonian allies hoped to win the support of farmers in New York,_____ , and ____ for Jackson’s presidential candidacy in 1828.
How was Ohio and Kentucky?
Authorizing the president to compel South Carolina’s obedience to national laws.
What was the military Force Bill?
An organization of men seeking moral improvement by promoting the welfare and unity of humanity.
What was the freemasonry?
a French reformer who devised an eight-stage theory of social evolution that predicted the imminent decline of individual property rights and capitalist value.
Who was Charles Fourier?
A Massachusetts-born printer, a abolitionist, had worked during the 1820s in Baltimore on an antislavery newspaper, the Genius of Universal Emancipation. He moved to Boston, where he immediately started his own weekly, The Liberator (1831– 1865), and founded the New England Anti-Slavery Society.
Who was William Lloyd Garrison?