Antiviral Agents
True or False
Treatment of a viral infection is difficult without serious toxic effects for the host.
True
Rationale: A virus must enter a human cell to survive, making it difficult to treat without serious toxic effects for the host.
Please answer the following statement as true or false.
Nystatin, taken orally, is used for the treatment of
intestinal candidiasis.
True
Rationale: Nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat) (Oral)
Used for the treatment of intestinal candidiasis; also available as a topical preparation.
Please answer the following statements as true or false.
Chlorquine (Aralen) is an antimalarial drug used in the
treatment of plasmodial malaria. It is typically used in
combination with other drugs.
True
Rationale: Chlorquine (Aralen): Treatment of plasmodial malaria; used in combination with other drugs
What is the recommended medication regimen for
Biltricide?
A. b.i.d., on a 28-day cycle followed by 14 days of rest, for a total of three cycles
B. One dose
C. Three doses at 4- to 6-hour intervals
D. Every 12 hours for three days
C. Three doses at 4- to 6-hour intervals
Rationale: Very effective in the treatment of a wide number of schistosomes or flukes; taken in a series of three doses at 4- to 6-hour intervals; has relatively few adverse effects
Which term is used to describe the process that occurs when cells lose their cellular differentiation and organization?
A. Autonomy
B. Neoplasm
C. Anaplasia
D. Angiogenesis
C. Anaplasia
Rationale: The cancerous cells exhibit anaplasia, a loss of cellular differentiation and organization, which leads to a loss of their ability to function normally.
You are caring for a patient that has been diagnosed with herpes simplex and are given a prescription. What should you teach this patient about taking their medication?
A. When applying the drug topically be sure to use absorbent pads to decrease risk of exposure to the drug.
B. Warn the patient that GI upset, nausea, and vomiting are to be expected.
C. Start taking the medicine as soon as possible to improve effectiveness of antiviral activity.
D. Be sure to take most of the medication prescribed to improve effectiveness of antiviral activity.
C. Start taking the medicine as soon as possible to
improve effectiveness of antiviral activity.
Rationale: Administer the drug as soon as possible after the diagnosis has been made to improve effectiveness of the antiviral activity.
Which of the following is considered a contraindication
of Ketoconazole ?
A. Patients with renal problems
B. Patients with fertility problems
C. Patients with hepatic problems
D. Patients with GI problems
B. Patients with fertility problems
Rationale: Contraindications – not drug of choice for
patients with endocrine or fertility problems.
When are antiprotozoal medications contraindicated?
A. Renal disease
B. Anemia
C. CNS disease
D. Cardiovascular disease
C. CNS disease
Rationale: Contraindications are known allergy,
pregnancy, CNS disease, hepatic disease.
Which of the following drugs is used in the treatment of cystic disease of the liver and peritoneum caused by the dog tapeworm?
A. Biltricide
B. Vermox
C. Albenza
D. Stromectol
C. Albenza
Rationale: albendazole (Albenza): Hydatid disease: ≥60 kg: 400 mg b.i.d. PO; <60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day PO in divided doses, b.i.d., on a 28-day cycle followed by 14 days of rest, for a total of three cycles; Treatment of active lesions caused by pork tapeworm and cystic disease of the liver, lungs, and peritoneum caused by dog tapeworm
You are caring for a patient with a Wilm’s tumor who is receiving doxorubicin. What is an adverse effect of
doxorubicin that you would teach the patient and their family about?
A. Brown urine
B. Red urine
C. Orange urine
D. Gold urine
B. Red urine
Rationale: Adverse effects: Cardiac toxicity, complete but reversible alopecia, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, red urine, myelosuppression, fever, chills, rash.
You are caring for a patient with HIV. A nursing diagnosis for this patient is acute pain related to related to site reaction of the drugs. What type of drug is this patient taking?
A. Integrase Inhibitor
B. Fusion Inhibitor
C. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
D. Protease inhibitor
A. Fusion Inhibitor
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses related to drug therapy
might include: Acute Pain related to site reactions of the drugs.
The nurse is caring for a patient with a fungal infection. Which of the following would be considered an adverse effect of an antifungal medication?
A. Burning or irritation in the sexual partner
B. Abnormal kidney function tests
C. Upper abdominal pain
D. Urinary retention
A. Burning or irritation in the sexual partner
Rationale: Adverse effects: Troche: nausea, vomiting, abnormal liver function tests; topical: stinging, redness, urticaria, edema; vaginal: lower abdominal pain, urinary frequency, burning or irritation in the sexual partner
When are antimalarial medications contraindicated ?
A. Renal disease
B. Anemia
C. Alcoholism
D. Cardiovascular disease
C. Alcoholism
Rationale: Because of the need for hepatic metabolism to prevent toxicity.
Platyhelminthes is a ___________ Worm?
Flat
Carcinomas are tumors that originate in:
A) Mesenchyme
B) Bone marrow
C) Striated muscle
D) Epithelial cells
D-Epithelial cells
Which antiviral drugs are not absorbed systemically?
A. Anti-hepatitis B agents
B. Locally Active Antiviral Agents
C. Nucleoside Agents
D. Fusion Inhibitors
B. Locally Active Antiviral Agents
Rationale: Locally active antiviral drugs are not absorbed systemically, but caution must be used in patients with known allergic reactions to any topical drugs.
What is a mycosis?
An infectious disease caused by a fungus. The infections can be systemic or superficial in nature.
After a group of students is taught about protozoal infections, which infection, if stated by the group as accused by an insect bite, would indicate the need for additional teaching?
A) Malaria
B) Trypanosomiasis
C) Leishmaniasis
D) Giardiasis
D-Giardiasis
Cestodes is a _______ Worm?
Tape
Cancer can be a difficult disease to treat because:
A) Cells no longer progress through the normal cell cycle
B) Cells can develop resistance to drug therapy
C) Cells remain dormant, emerging months to years later
D) The exact cause of cancer is not known
C-Cells remain dormant, emerging months to years later.
A nurse is caring for a patient with HIV. What lab tests would the nurse monitor when a protease inhibitor has been ordered for this patient?
a. A fasting blood sugar and 2-hour postprandial blood sugar
b. Urine specific gravity and urine pH
c. Serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin
d. Arterial blood gases and O2 saturation
c.
Serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin are monitored when a protease inhibitor is used due to the risk of liver damage and the need to monitor liver function. Cholesterol and triglycerides may also be elevated by the drug and should be monitored. Protease inhibitors are metabolized in the liver and partially by the cytochrome P450 oxidase system. Although some cases of kidney stones have been related to protease inhibitors use, the greatest risk is to the liver and therefore urine specific gravity and urine pH, which indicate renal function, would be less critical to assess. Lab tests for blood sugar and arterial blood gases would not be directly affected by hepatic function.
This available OTC in a cream, solution, powder, and spray, gel. Indicated for the treatment of Tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, and Tinea versicolor by distorting the hyphae and stunts the mycelial growth of the fungal species.
Tolnaftate (Tinactin)
Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasite seen in the US, and it:
A) Does not respond to drug therapy
B) Can invade the liver and cause death
C) Is seen only in areas with no sanitation
D) Is associated with rotten egg-smelling stool, diarrhea, and mucus-filled stool
D-Is associated with rotten egg-smelling stool, diarrhea and mucus-filled stool.
Why is it important to figure out the causative worm?
Anthelmintic drugs work on specific worms.
The nurse is caring for a pt who has cancer and who is receiving chemotherapy. Thirty minutes ago, the nurse administered a prescribed dose of Ondansetron. What assessment should the nurse perform?
A) Auscultate the pt's bowel sounds
B) Assess the pt's level of nausea
C) Assess the pt's urine output
D) Assess the pt's orientation to person, place, and time
B-Assess the pt's level of nausea.