The Nature of Critical Thinking & Argumentation
The conscious process of assessing the validity of claims, evidence, and reasoning for the purpose of reaching a justified conclusion or decision.
What is Critical Thinking
It Promotes understanding, critical thinking, avoids groupthink, improves decisions or values minority opinions.
What is arguing
A systematic search or investigation designed to find useful and appropriate evidence
What is Research
What are the four claims in preparing an argument
What is Conjecture/Value/Policy/Fact
Curbing inappropriate emotions and expressing appropriate emotions
What are the two roles of emotional intelligence
A claim supported by evidence and reasons for accepting it.
What is an Argument
The conclusion or position you advocate. A statement you want others to believe.
What is Claim
A researcher that becomes an effective investigator with a systematic plan for searching for sources of information
What is a good researcher
What can groupthink be prevented through?
What is Refutation
Research, the common good, reasoning, and social code
What is the four ethical responsibilities in every argument
Effective argumentation “offers an antidote to ________” by seeking “well-informed decisions, rather than a false sense of cohesion.
What is Groupthink
Supports the arguments warrant
What is Backing
The practice of citing sources of evidence
What is Documentation
What can be done after listening to understand?
We can listen to evaluate/ use critical listening
The ability to recognize emotions (both your own and others) and manage the emotions effectively.
What is Emotional Intelligence
A collective group process that calls for thoughtful arguments, critical listening, civility, and informed decision making.
What is Deliberative Argumentation
Facts, Opinions and Definitions
What are the types of Evidence
What are the four related criteria to consider when you want to find and use an internet source
What is Authority, Accuracy, Objectivity, and Currency
These are claims such as “vaccines give children autism”, “it rains when I wash my car”
What are (examples of) false cause fallacies?
Do men and women argue differently
What is opinion. While how they argue doesn’t differ, how they’re EXPECTED to argue varies significantly.
An adversarial approach to argumentation in which the goal is to win rather than to work with others in search of a reasonable resolution...They are not open to other perspectives and may not listen to anyone else’s point of view.
What is Competitive Argumentation
Name two types of Evidence used in arguments
What is Descriptions, Examples, Illustrations, Statistics
An argument that evaluates whether something is good or bad, right or wrong, or worthwhile vs. worthless
What is a Claim of Value
These are claims such as: “Internet should become a public utility”, “We should protest the stay-home order”, and “We should listen to what public health officials say”
What are (examples of) Claims of Policy
What does culture dictate in an argument?
What is... some cultures believe that the elder are always right. Others believe that any witnesses shouldn’t be trusted, as they may have their own agenda.