category 1
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
intelligence
a test designed to predict a person’s future performance
aptitude test
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
emotional intelligence
research that follows and retests the same people over time
longitudinal study
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
validity
according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence
general intelligence (g)
research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
cross-sectional study
a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as being from a given time period
cohort
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
achievement test
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior
predictive validity
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood
fluid intelligence (Gf)
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
intelligence test
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
stereotype threat
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
standardization
a focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed
growth mindset
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
crystallized intelligence (Gc)
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting
reliability
the widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test
Stanford-Binet
the proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes; may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied
heritability
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age
mental age
the theory that our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc
Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory
the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
normal curve
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (IQ = ma / ca x 100)
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
savant syndrome
the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale