Types of Lipids
These are the three major classes of lipids.
storage lipids, structural lipids, and lipids with specific functions?
Which is true of sterols?
- all sterols have four-fused ring structure
- all sterols are soluble in water, but less soluble in organic solves
- cholesterol is the sterol in fungi
- they are found in bacterial membranes
all sterols have four-fused ring structure
Saturated fatty acids are typically this state at room temperature.
solid
This is the main structure of storage lipids.
triacylglycerol
These two types of lipids make up cell membranes.
phospholipids and glycolipids
This type of lipid is primarily used for long-term energy storage.
triacylglycerols (fats/oils)
Which of the following is not a derivative of cholesterol?
- bile salts
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin D
- hormones
vitamin E
Unsaturated fatty acids are typically this state at room temperature.
liquid
Triacylglycerol consists of glycerol and this number of fatty acids.
three
Which component is found in all sphingolipids?
sphingosine backbone (amino alcohol backbone, fatty acid is attached to amino group via amide linkage, polar head which can be phosphate or sugar group)
These lipids form the structure of cell membranes.
phospholipids and glycolipids
This fatty acid is the precursor to prostaglandins and eicosanoids.
arachidonic acid
Which is a 18:2 (6,9) fatty acid?
A) CH3(CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)4COOH
B) CH3(CH2)3CH=CH(CH2)=CH2=COOH
A since there should be 18 Carbons, 2 double bonds, and the double bonds should be at C6=C7 and C9=C10
CH3(CH2)7CH= 9
CHCH2CH=3
CH(CH2)4COOH= 6
The process of breaking down triacylglycerols using water is called this.
hydrolysis
These phospholipids are built on a glycerol backbone.
glycerophospholipids
This lipid does NOT contain fatty acids but is still classified as a lipid.
cholesterol
These drugs reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
NSAIDs
As unsaturation increases (more double bonds), this property decreases.
melting point decreases
double bonds bend chain= less tightly packed= break easily= lower temperatures needed
This process produces soap from fats.
saponification
These lipids use sphingosine instead of glycerol.
sphingolipids
Which is a property of all major types of lipids in the cell membrane?
-are sopanifiable in base and hydrolyze in acid
-have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
- have five carbon units
- are joined together via covalent bonds
-have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails (amphipathic)
sopanifiable= phospholipids, triglycerides,
5 C unit= phospholipids, triglycerides, waxes that have ester linkages
Which two molecule are amphipathic? (has both hydrophilic/hydrophobic parts)
- phospholipids, cholesterol, fats, or steroids?
phospholipids (has phosphate polar/hydrophilic head and two fatty acids/hydrophobic tails)
cholesterol (polar/hydrophilic OH group and nonpolar/hydrophobic carbon ring and hydrocarbon tail)
Fatty acids are generally insoluble in water because they are this.
hydrophobic (nonpolar)
The bond linking fatty acids to glycerol is this type of linkage.
ester linkage
Waxes contain this type of linkage.
ester linkage