Vocabulary
Types of Evidence
Fallacies
Appeals
Reasoning
100
Anything that establishes a fact or gives us reason to believe something
What is evidence?
100
Name the type of evidence: The team has been shooting 52 percent from the floor this season.
Statistics
100
Anyone born in the United States is a citizen. Sam was born in Oregon. He is a U.S. citizen.
no fallacy-- legitimate argument
100
The way you speak (grammar, spelling, etc.) and the structure (or lack of) of your argument, contribute this appeal.
ethical/ethos
100
Inductive or Deductive: Winston is Jonah's tenth dachshund. They have never owned any other breed of dog. Jonah seems to like dachshunds.
inductive
200
The process of thinking and understanding and drawing conclusions about evidence.
What is reasoning?
200
Name the type of evidence being used: I saw the team play last week; they kept me on the edge of my seat.
first-hand observation
200
The Society for a Candy Free Nation claims that more than 90% of violent crimes are committed within 24 hours after the perpetrator has eaten candy. These findings seem to suggest that consuming candy inspires violent crimes.
logical
200
this type of appeal is gained using solid reasoning and valid evidence
logical/logos
200
this type of reasoning uses a universal statement and a related fact to draw a conclusion.
deductive
300
This type of reasoning moves from universal rules to a specific example.
What is deductive?
300
Rod and Mario, experts on the Detroit Tigers, say that the reason for the team's success is largely due to the great managing on the part of Jim Leyland.
Informed opinion
300
How could they have failed to listen to the little boy's heart-wrenching story?
emotional
300
" A Harvard longevity study of 250 college graduates showed that not only did the graduates change jobs frequently, but they changes types of jobs and careers, thus, making it necessary for them to acquire new skills and knowledge every 5 years."
logical/logos
300
This reasoning often takes the form of a syllogism: If A equals B, and B equals C, then A equals C.
deductive
400
These are the "Do Not's" of logic.
What are fallacies?
400
Verlander is a talented pitcher. His ERA is the lowest among the pitching staff at 3.4.
an example
400
Peter: Based on the arguments I have presented, it is evident that it is morally wrong to use animals for food and clothing. Bill: But you are wearing a leather jacket and have a hamburger in your hand! How can you say that it is wrong!?
ethical
400
Mike's corporation closed after he had worked there for 40 years, so he was left with no way to recover, no way to acquire new skills, no experience changing careers...he was left on his own and didn't know what to do.
emotional
400
Samantha only listens to hip hop. Right now, she is listening to ZWQR. Therefore, that station only broadcasts hip hop.
deductive reasoning
500
Having this means that your listeners will buy what you are selling because they trust in you and your credibility.
What is ethos?
500
I think the Tigers will win the World Series because they have the best fans in Major League Baseball.
Reason
500
A chain is only as strong as its weakest link, so we should remove the weakest players from the team.
no fallacy-- legitimate argument
500
I have been a doctor for over 30 years, and I can tell you with certainty that this medication is right for you.
ethos/ethical
500
A poll of 10,000 people indicated that 20 percent of the nation has cereal for breakfast each day.
inductive
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