Acids
Give the definition of an Arrhenius acid
A substance that produces H3O+ when added to water
Give the definition of an Arrhenius base
a substance that produces OH- when added to water
What is an electrolyte?
A substance that, when added to water, creates a solution that conducts electricity.
What does a double arrow indicate?
Weak electrolyte, goes into equilibrium
HBR
HBr + H2O --> H3O+ + Br-
HBr is a strong acid, therefore a strong electrolyte, also a molecular compound so add H2O, it completely dissociates
How do you know you have an acid?
Starts with H- or ends with -COOH
How do you know you have a weak molecular base?
All molecular bases are weak bases. A nitrogen with a lone pair of electrons on it
What is a non-electrolyte?
Solutions that don't conduct electricity-solutes produce no ions when added to water.
What does a single arrow indicate?
Strong electrolyte, dissociates 100%
O2
O2 --> NR
O2 is a molecular compound, not a base, therefore is a non electrolyte and there will be no reaction
Are weak acids considered a weak strong electrolyte? How do you know it's a weak acid?
Weak acids are considered weak electrolytes. All other acids that are not apart of the 6 strong acids are considered weak.
Does a base donate or accept hydrogen ions?
A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions.
What day and time does this class meet?
Section M05: on Tuesday's from 1:30-3:20 PM
Section M01: on Thursday's from 1:30-3:20 PM
What reactions is considered a chemical interaction- with water?
acid/base reactions
Pb(OH)2
don't forget to also balance the equation
Pb(OH)2 <--> Pb2+ + 2OH-
Pb(OH)2 is a ionic compound, that is not soluble, therefore it is a weak electrolyte (double arrow)
List all 6 strong acids (formula is fine)
Are these considered strong, weak, or non-electrolytes?
HCl, HBr, HI, HCLO4, HNO3, H2SO4
These 6 strong acids are considered strong electrolytes.
When is proof due each week?
Proof is worth 5 points and is due the day the class meets at 11:59 pm. You can receive up to half credit if you submit it late, but within 48 hours of the due date.
How many points is attendance for this class each week? What about proof.
Attendance and participation is 15 points each week and proof is 5 points.
NH3
NH3 + H2O <--> NH4+ + OH-
NH3 is a molecular compound and a weak base, therefore a weak electrolyte that partially dissociates.
CH4
CH4 + H2O --> NR
CH4 is a molecular
What color do acids turn litmus paper? What color do acids turn litmus paper?
Acids turn litmus paper red, bases turn it blue
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. What is considered acidic? Basic? Neutral?
A pH is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.
Describe how strong, weak, and non-electrolytes conduct electricity.
Strong electrolytes-solutions strongly conduct electricity-solutes have been 100% been converted into ions
Weak electrolytes-solutions weakly conduct electricity- a small fraction of solute particles have been converted into ions
non electrolytes-solutions don't conduct electricity-solutes produce no ions in water
K3P
K3P --> 3K+ + P3-
K3P is an ionic compound, and soluble therefore it is a strong electrolyte and should use a full arrow.
CH3NH2
CH3NH2 + H2O <--> CH3NH3+ + OH-
CH3NH2 is a molecular compound, that is a base, therefore it is a weak electrolyte and you should use the double arrow.