Essential Amino Acids
What is the only essential amino acid that can form disulfide bonds?
What is Methionine?
Define glycogenolysis.
when glycogen is broken down into glucose
What compound occurs in DNA base pairs but not RNA base pairs?
What is thymine?
What is the difference between hydration and hydrogenation reactions?
hydration uses H2O as a base and H+ as a catalyst while hydrogenation uses H+ as a base and Pt, Ni, or Pd as catalysts
What is the difference between Benedict's test and Tollen's test?
Benedict's identifies ketones while Tollen's identifies aldehydes
What are the essential amino acids with cyclic groups?
What are Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Histidine?
What is the synthesis of glycogen?
an anabolic reaction where energy is required
Which DNA complementary base pair forms 3 hydrogen bonds?
What is cytosine and guanine?
Write the equation for the complete oxidation of glucose.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Which has a phosphate group: nucleosides or nucleotides?
What are nucleotides?
Which essential amino acids are basic?
What are Lysine and Histidine?
Define gluconeogenesis.
when glucose is made from noncarbohydrate sources
What does adenine pair with in mRNA sequences?
What is uracil?
What acid is used in neutralization reactions for amines?
What is HCl?
What are the secondary structures of proteins?
What are a-helix and B-pleated sheet?
What is the difference in the structures of Leucine and Valine?
Leucine has an extra CH group
Define glycolysis.
the oxidation of glucose to 2 pyruvate
What happens during transcription?
the mRNA produced is complementary to the template strand of DNA
Write the equations for the oxidation and reductions of sulfides.
thiol-[O]->disulfide
thiol<-[H]-disulfide
What is a sphingomyelin?
a type of sphingolipid that contains a sphingosine backbone and a phosphate head group
Draw the correct structure for Isoleucine.
COOH
H2N-C-H
H3C-C-H
CH2
CH3
Define glycogenesis.
the synthesis of glycogen from glucose
Define point mutation.
a mutation that occurs by substitution of one base for another in a DNA sequence
What is the equation for one turn of the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O -> CoA-SH + 3 NADH + FADH2 + 3 H+ + GTP + 2 CO2
What is ketosis?
the metabolic condition in which the body uses ketone bodies for energy instead of glucose