Key terms
The process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up digested nutrients, which are then carried by the circulatory system to every cell in the body
Absorption
Bland diet
Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
Calorie-controlled diets
Include both low calorie and high calorie diets. Low calorie is mainly used for overweight patients, high calorie foods are either prohibited or limited.
Diabetic diet
Used for patients with diabetes mellitus
Fiber diets
Classified as either high fiber or low fiber. High fiber diet provides at least 30 grams of fiber without seeds or nuts. Low fiber diet contains less than 10-15 grams of fiber per day eliminates or limits foods that are high in bulk and fiber.
Commonly called anorexia; a physiological disorder in which a person reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Anorexia Nervosa
Body Mass Index
Carbohydrates
The major source of readily usable human energy
Digestion
The process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes it chemically, and movies it through the digestive system
Hypertension
High blood pressure, which may be cause by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet
Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmfully chemicals called free radicals
Antioxidants
Bulimarexia
A psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
Cellulose
The fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate that provides bulk in the digestive tract and causes regular bowel movements
Essential nutrients
Chemical elements found in food that are used by the body to perform many different functions
Lipids
commonly called fats and oils; organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
A condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces
atherosclerosis
Bulimia
A psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all; in some cases, a person will exercise excessively after binging
Cholestrol
a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products, used in the production of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids
Fat-restricted diets
Limits fats to less that 50 grams daily
liquid diets
include both clear and full liquids. both are nutritionally inadequate and should be used only for short periods of time.
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work
Basal Metabolic rate (BMR)
Calorie
diabetes mellitus
a metabolic disease caused by insufficient secretion or use of insulin, leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood.
Fats(lipids)
Organic compounds that provide the most concentrated form of energy, maintain body temperature, cushion organs, and aid in vitamin absorption
Low cholesterol diet
Restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily.