Key Terms
absorption
the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
bland diet
consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
calorie-controlled diets
include both low-calorie and high-calorie diets
diabetic diet
is used for patients with diabetes mellitus
fiber diets
anorexia nervosa
a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
a calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat
carbohydrates
the major source of readily usable human energy
digestion
the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system
hypertension
high blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet; can be lead to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys
antioxidants
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals
bulimarexia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
cellulose
the fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate
essential nutrients
are composed of chemical elements found in food
lipids
commonly called fats and oils are organic compounds
atherosclerosis
condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces; thought to be caused by a diet high in saturated fats
bulimia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all; in some cases, a person will exercise excessively after binging
cholesterol
a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
fat-restricted diets
usually limit fats to less than 50 grams daily
liquid diets
include both clear liquids and full liquids
basal metabolic rate
calorie
a unit that heat is measured
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood
fats
organic compounds
low-cholesterol diets
restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily