Key Terms
absorption-
After the food is digested, absorption occurs. Absorption is the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients. The nutrients are then carried by the circulatory system to every cell in the body.
body mass index-
Body mass index (BMI) is a calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat. It is determined by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by height in meters squared
essential nutrients-
Essential nutrients are composed of chemical elements found in food. They are used by the body to perform many different body functions. As the body uses these elements, they are replaced by elements in the food one eats.
nutrition-
Nutrition includes all body processes relating to food. These include digestion, absorption, metabolism, circulation, and elimination. These processes allow the body to use food for energy, maintenance of health, and growth.
Peristalsis-
food is broken down by the teeth and moved through the digestive tract by a process called peristalsis,
Anorexia nervosa-
commonly called anorexia; a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
cholesterol-
cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams (g) daily.
fat-restricted diets-
Fat-restricted diets, also called low-fat diets, usually limit fats to less than 50 grams (g) daily. Examples of foods to avoid include cream, whole milk, cheeses, fats, fatty meats, rich desserts, chocolate, nuts, coconut, fried foods, and salad dressings.
nutritional status-
Nutritional status refers to the state or condition of one's nutrition. The goal is, of course, to be in a state of good nutrition and to maintain wellness, a state of good health with optimal body function. To do this, one must choose foods that are needed by the body, not just foods that taste good.
protein diets-
Protein diets include both low-protein and high- protein diets. Protein-rich foods include meats, fish, milk, cheeses, and eggs. These foods would be limited
Atherosclerosis-
condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
diabetes mellitus-
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood; heredity, obesity, lack of exercise, and diets high in carbohydrates and sugars contribute to individuals your developing this disease
fats-
Fats are also classified as saturated or polyunsaturated. Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature and are found in animal- based foods. Examples include the fats in meats, eggs, whole milk, cream, butter, and cheeses.
obesity-
Obesity is excessive body weight 20 percent or more above the average recommended weight, or a BMI equal to or greater than 30. Obesity has become a major health concern in the United States according to the following statistics provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
proteins-
Proteins are the basic components of all body cells. They are essential for building and repairing tissue, regulating body functions, producing antibodies that help prevent infection and disease, and providing energy and heat. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and some also contain sulfur, phosphorus, iron, and iodine.
basal metabolic rate-
The body needs energy continuously, so it stores some nutrients for future use. These stored nutrients are used to provide energy when food intake is not adequate for energy needs.
diabetic diet-
A diabetic diet is used for patients with diabetes mellitus. In this condition, the body does not produce enough of the hormone insulin to metabolize carbohydrates.
fiber diets-
Fiber diets are usually classified as high fiber or low fiber. A high-fiber diet usually provides at least 30 grams (g) of fiber without seeds or nuts. It is used to stimulate activity in the digestive tract. A low-fiber or low-residue diet containing less than 10-15 grams of fiber per day eliminates or limits foods that are high in bulk and fiber.
Osteoporosis-
condition in which bones become porous (full of tiny openings) and break easily; one cause is long-term deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D
regular diet-
A regular diet is a balanced diet usually used for the n patient with no dietary restrictions. At times, it has a slightly reduced calorie content. Foods such as rich sup desserts, cream sauces, salad dressings, and fried foods
bland diet-
A bland diet consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract. Foods to be avoided include coarse foods, fried foods, highly seasoned foods, pastries, candies, raw fruits and vegetables, alcoholic and carbonated beverages, smoked and salted meats or fish, nuts, olives, avocados, coconut, whole-grain breads and cereals, and usually coffee and tea.
digestion-
Digestion is the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system.
Hypertension-
high blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet; can lead to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys
overweight-
Overweight is a body weight that is 10 to 20 percent greater than the average recommended weight for a person's height, or a BMI from 25 to 29.9.
Bulimarexia-
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten Physical symptoms of eating disorders include excessive weight loss, extreme weakness and fatigue, irregular heart rhythms, low blood pressure, amenorrhea