Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
The process where nutrients pass through the digestive tract into blood
Absorption
An eating disorder that causes self starvation and excessive weight loss
anorexia nervosa
Organic molecules that protect the body from harmful free radicals
Antioxidants
Condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
Atherosclerosis
The rate at which the body uses energy at rest to maintain life
basal metabolic rate
A diet of non spicy, low fiber foods that are easy to digest
bland diet
A statistical measure of body fat
body mass index
A waxy, fat like substance found in animal based foods and all body cells
Cholesterol
A metabolic disease where the body cannot produce insulin
diabetes mellitus
A therapeutic diet focused on balancing nutrients to maintain stable blood sugar level
diabetic diet
The physical and chemical process of breaking food into components the body can absorb
Digestion
Nutrients that the body cannot make itself and must be obtained through food.
Essential nutrients
Diets that limit fat intake to treat conditions like gallbladder or liver disease.
Fat-restricted diets
A concentrated source of energy and a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins; also known as lipids.
Fats
Diets categorized as high-fiber (to stimulate the digestive tract) or low-fiber (to rest the tract).
Fiber diets
High blood pressure.
Hypertension
All body processes relating to food.
Nutrition
The state of one’s nutrition.
Nutritional status
A condition of having an excessive amount of body fat, typically associated with a high body mass index.
Obesity
A condition in which bones become porous and brittle, making them easy to fracture.
Osteoporosis
A body weight that is 10% to 20% greater than the average recommended weight for a person's height.
Overweight
Rhythmic, wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system.
Peristalsis
Diets that increase or decrease protein intake to aid healing or manage kidney and liver disease.
Protein diets
Essential nutrients made of amino acids that are the building blocks of body cells and tissues.
Proteins
A balanced diet that includes all essential nutrients without specific food or calorie restrictions.
Regular diet