Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption
process in which blood of lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
anorexia; a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Antioxidants
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
Atherosclerosis
condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
Basal metabolic rate
rate at which the body used energy just for maintaining its own tissue without doing any voluntary work
Bland diet
consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
Body mass index
calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates with body fat
Bulmarexia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
Bulimia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts or refuses to eat at all
Calorie
unit of energy used to measure the fuel provided by food/beverages
Calorie-controlled diets
include both low-calorie and high calorie-diets
Carbohydrates
major source of readily usable human energy
Cellulose
fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate
Cholesterol
sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
Diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose
Diabetic diet
used for patients with diabetes mellitus
Digestion
process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts
Essential nutrients
composed of chemical elements found in food
Fat-restricted diets
limits fats to less than 50 grams daily
Fats
form of lipids; organic compounds
Fiber diets
high fiber or low fiber diets
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Lipids
fats and oils ( organic compounds )
Liquid diets
nclude both clear liquids and full liquids
Low-cholesterol diet
restricts food that contain cholesterol