Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption
Process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
Bland diet
Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
Calorie-controlled diets
Includes both low calorie and high calorie diets
Diabetic Diet
Used for patients with diabetes mellitus
Fiber Diets
Low fiber and high fiber foods
Anorexia nervosa
A psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Body Mass index
A calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat
Carbohydrates
Major source of readily usable human energy
Digestion
Process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Antioxidants
Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
Bulimarexia
A psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
Cellulose
Fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate
Essential nutrients
Chemical Elements found in food
Lipids
Organic compounds
Atherosclerosis
Condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on the inner surfaces
Bulimia
A psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges, then fasts, or refuses to eat at all
Cholesterol
Sterol Lipid found in body cells and animal products
Fat-Restricted Diets
Limits fats to less than 50 grams daily
Liquid Diets
Both clear liquids and full liquids
Basal metabolic rate
Rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work
Calorie
A unit to measure heat
Diabetes Mellitus
Metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood
Fats
Organic compounds
Low-Cholesterol Diet
Restricts food that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily