Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
What is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis: condition in which bones become porous (full of tiny openings) and break easily; one cause is long-term deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D
What is regular diet?
A regular diet is a balanced diet usually used for a patient with no dietary restrictions.
What is Metabolism?
the sum of all chemical reactions in the body's cells that convert food into energy and building materials, sustaining life by powering movement, thinking, growth, and repair.
What is Underweight?
Underweight is a body weight that is 10 to 15 percent less than the average recommended weight for a person's height, or a BMI less than 18.5. Underweight individuals are much more likely to have nutritional deficiencies.
What is Overweight?
Overweight is a body weight that is 10 to 20 percent greater than the average recommended weight for a person's height, or a BMI from 25 to 29.9.
What is Lipids?
Lipids, commonly called fats and oils, are organic compounds.
What is Minerals?
Minerals are inorganic (nonliving) elements found in all body tissues. They regulate body fluids, assist in various body functions, contribute to growth, and aid in building tissues.
What is Vitamins?
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential to life. They are important for metabolism, tissue building, and regulation of body processes. They allow the body to use the energy provided by carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
What is Peristalsis?
PeristalsiDuring mechanical digestion, food is broken down by the teeth and moved through the digestive tract by a process called peristalsis, a rhythmic, wavelike motion of the muscles.
What is liquid diets?
Liquid diets include both clear liquids and full liquids. Both are nutritionally inadequate and should be used only for short periods of time. All foods served must be liquid at body temperature, Foods included on the clear- liquid diet are mainly carbohydrates and water, including apple or grape juices, fat-free broths, plain gelatin, fruit ice, ginger ale, and tea or black coffee with sugar.
What is sodium-restricted diets?
Sodium-restricted diets are also called low-sodium or low-salt diets. Frequently, patients use low-sodium- diet lists that provide the amount of sodium present in a specific food.
What is wellness?
the state of being in good health, especially as an actively pursued goal.
What is protein diets?
Protein diets include both low-protein and high- protein diets. Protein-rich foods include meats, fish, milk, cheeses, and eggs.
What is low-cholesterol diet?
A low-cholesterol diet restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams (g) daily. It is used for patients who have atherosclerosis and heart disease.
What is soft diet?
A soft diet is similar to the regular diet, but foods must require little chewing and be easy to digest.
What is Proteins?
Proteins are the basic components of all body cells. They are essential for building and repairing tissue, regulating body functions, producing antibodies that help prevent infection and disease, and providing energy and heat. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and some also contain sulfur, phosphorus, iron, and iodine.
What is Malnutrition?
Malnutrition is most likely to affect individuals living in extreme poverty, patients undergoing drug therapy, such as treatments for cancer, infants, young children, adolescents, and the elderly. Obesity is a form of malnutrition caused by excess food consumption.
What is therapeutic diets?
Therapeutic diets are modifications of the normal diet and are used to improve specific health conditions. They are normally prescribed by a doctor and planned by a dietitian.