Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption is the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients.
bland diet
A bland diet consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract.
Digestion
Digestion is the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system.
hypertension
Hypertension: high blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet
overweight
Overweight is a body weight that is 10 to 20 percent greater than the average recommended weight for a person's height, or a BMI from 25 to 29.9.
anorexia nervosa
commonly called anorexia; a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
body mass index (BMI)
Body mass index (BMI) is a calculation that measures weight in relation to height
essential nutrients
Essential nutrients are composed of chemical elements found in food
Nutrition
Nutrition includes all body processes relating to food.
Peristalsis
peristalsis, a rhythmic, wavelike motion of the muscles.
Antioxidants
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
cholesterol
Cholesterol is a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
fat-restricted diets
Fat-restricted diets, also called low-fat diets, usually limit fats to less than 50 grams (g) daily
nutritional status
Nutritional status refers to the state or condition of one's nutrition.
protein diets
Protein diets include both low-protein and high- protein diets
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis: condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
diabetes mellitus:
Diabetes mellitus: metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood
Fats
Lipids, commonly called fats and oils, are organic compounds.
Obesity
Obesity is a form of malnutrition caused by excess food
Proteins
Proteins are the basic components of all body cells.
basal metabolic rate
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work, is called the basal metabolic rate
diabetic diet
A diabetic diet is used for patients with diabetes mellitus. In this condition, the body does not produce enough of the hormone insulin to metabolize carbohydrates.
fiber diets
Fiber diets are usually classified as high fiber or low fiber.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis: condition in which bones become porous (full of tiny openings) and break easily; one cause is long-term deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D
regular diet
A regular diet is a balanced diet usually used for the patient with no dietary restrictions.