Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
absorption
Blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
Psychological disorder where person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
antioxidants
Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
atherosclerosis
Condition in which the arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue without doing any voluntary work
Bland diet
Diet of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
Body mass index
A calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates with body fat
Bulimarexia
Psychological disorder in which a person binges and then vomits or uses laxatives to get rid of eaten food
Bulimia
Psychological disorder where a person alternately binges and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all
Calorie
Unit to measure heat produced during metabolism; way the energy content of food is measured
Calorie-controlled diets
Both low-calorie and high-calorie diets
Carbohydrates
Major source of readily usable human energy
Cellulose
fibrous , indigestible form of plant carbohydrate
Cholesterol
Sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
Diabetes Mellitus
Metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood
Diabetic Diet
Diet used for patients with diabetes mellitus
Digestion
Process by which the body breaks down food and smaller parts, changes the food chemically
Essential nutrients
Composed of chemical elements found in food
Fat-restricted diets
Low-fat diets, usually limits fats to less than 50 grams
Fats
Organic compounds; fats and oils
Fiber diets
Classified as high fiber or low fiber diets
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Lipids
Organic compounds; fats and oils
Liquid diets
Clear liquids and full liquids
Low-cholesterol diet
Diet that restricts food that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 g a day