Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
What is Absorption?
The process where blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients.
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
A psychological disorder involving a drastic reduction of food intake (self-starvation) and an intense fear of gaining weight.
What is Antioxidants?
Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
What is Atherosclerosis?
A condition where arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances (plaques) on their inner surfaces.
What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work (energy used at rest).
What is Bland Diet?
Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract (avoids fried foods, spices, raw fruits).
What is Body Mass Index (BMI)?
A calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat.
What is Bulimarexia?
A term sometimes used to describe a condition presenting symptoms of both anorexia and bulimia (binging and purging with severe weight loss).
What is Bulimia?
A psychological disorder involving cycles of binge eating followed by fasting or purging.
What is Calorie?
The unit of measurement used to measure the energy value of food. What is Calorie-Controlled Diets? Includes both low-calorie (for weight loss) and high-calorie (for weight gain) diets.
What is Carbohydrates?
The major source of readily usable human energy; commonly known as starches and sugars.
What is Cellulose?
The fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate; it provides bulk to the digestive tract.
What is Cholesterol?
A fat-like substance synthesized in the liver and found in body cells and animal fats.
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
A metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or utilization of insulin, leading to high blood sugar.
What is Diabetic Diet?
Used for patients with diabetes mellitus; usually involves calculating carbohydrates and avoiding sugar-heavy foods.
What is Digestion?
The physical and chemical breakdown of food by the body in preparation for absorption.
What is Essential Nutrients?
Chemical elements found in food that are used by the body to perform body functions (includes carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water).
What is Fat-Restricted Diets?
Limits fat intake; used for patients with gallbladder and liver disease or obesity.
What is Fats (Lipids)?
Nutrients that provide the most concentrated form of energy; essential for maintaining body temperature and cushioning organs.
What is Fiber Diets?
Usually high-fiber diets used to treat constipation and diverticulitis.
What is Hypertension?
High blood pressure; can be worsened by excess salt or fat intake.
What is Liquid Diets?
Include both clear liquids and full liquids; used after surgery or for acute infections/digestive problems.
What is Low-Cholesterol Diet?
Restricts foods containing cholesterol; used for patients with atherosclerosis and heart disease.
What is Malnutrition?
The state of poor nutrition; can be caused by diet or illness.
What is Metabolism?
The process in which nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue, providing energy, and regulating body functions.