Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Essential Nutrients
Compounds the body can’t make on its own
Carbohydrates
The body’s primary energy source
Proteins
Necessary for tissue repair and immune function
Fats / Lipids
Concentrated energy sources and structural components of cells
Vitamins & Minerals
Micronutrients that regulate body processes.
Calorie
: A unit of energy measurement
Cellulose
A complex carbohydrate (fiber) found in plant cell walls
Digestion
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
Peristalsis
The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Metabolism
All chemical reactions in the body that maintain life
Basal Metabolic Rate
The energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment.
Antioxidants
Substances that inhibit oxidation and protect cells from damage
Nutritional Status
The condition of the body in those aspects relating to nourishment
Body Mass Index
weight-to-height ratio used to screen for weight categories
Obesity / Overweight / Underweight
Classifications of body weight relative to health standards.
Malnutrition
A lack of proper nutrition
Diabetes Mellitus
: A condition involving high blood glucose levels
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Atherosclerosis
Hardening/narrowing of the arteries due to plaque (cholesterol) buildup.
Osteoporosis
A condition where bones become brittle and fragile.
Bulimia / Bulimarexia
Eating disorders characterized by cycles of binging and
Regular Diet
A balanced meal plan for those with no dietary restrictions.
Liquid / Soft / Bland Diets:
Modified textures or low-irritant foods for digestive recovery
Sodium-Restricted Diets: .
Sodium-Restricted Diets: Often used to manage hypertension or heart disease.
Diabetic Diet
Focused on consistent carbohydrate intake to manage blood sugar