Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
What is Absorption
The process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up digested nutrients.
What is Anorexia nervosa:
A psychological disorder, commonly called anorexia, in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all.
What are Antioxidants
Organic molecules (mainly vitamins A, C, and E) that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
What is atherosclerosis
A condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces; it is thought to be caused by a diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol.
What is Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work.
What is a Bland diet
A diet consisting of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract.
What is Body mass index (BMI)
A calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat.
What is Bulimarexia
A psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten.
What is Bulimia
A psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges (eats excessively) and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all.
What are Calorie
The unit used to measure the heat produced during metabolism, representing the energy content of food.
What are Calorie-controlled diets
Diets that include both low-calorie and high-calorie adjustments; low-calorie diets are for patients who are overweight, while high-calorie diets are for those who are underweight or have conditions like anorexia nervosa.
What are Carbohydrates
The major source of readily usable human energy, commonly called starches or sugars.
What is Cellulose
The fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate that provides bulk in the digestive tract.
What is Cholesterol
A sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products that is used in the production of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids.
What is Diabetes
A metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
What is Diabetic mellitus
A metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
What is Diabetic diet
A carbohydrate-controlled diet used for patients with diabetes mellitus where patients must calculate the amount of carbohydrates in each meal.
What is Digestion
The process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system.
What are Essential nutrients
Chemical elements found in food that are used by the body to perform many different body functions.
What are Fat-restricted diets
Also called low-fat diets, these limit fats to less than 50 grams daily and are used for obese patients or those with gallbladder and liver disease or atherosclerosis.
What are Fats
Organic compounds that provide the most concentrated form of energy and maintain body temperature by providing insulation.
What are Fiber diets
Diets classified as high fiber (to stimulate digestive activity) or low fiber (to eliminate foods high in bulk and fiber for patients with digestive diseases).
What is Hypertension
High blood pressure, which may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet.
What are Lipids
Organic compounds, commonly called fats and oils, that provide the most concentrated form of energy.
What are Liquid diets
Liquid diets are diets that include both clear liquids and full liquids; they are nutritionally inadequate and used only for short periods, such as after surgery or for digestive problems.