Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption
process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
Calorie
: the amount of heat produced during metabolism
Essential nutrients
composed of chemical elements found in food
Obesity
excessive body weight 20 percent or more above average recommended weight or a BMI equal to or greater than 30.
Bulimarexia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternatively binges and then induces vomiting
Anorexia
lack of appetite
Cholesterol
sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products and is a component of cell membranes
Fat-restricted diets -
limits fats to less that 50 grams daily
Osteoporosis
condition in which bones become porous and break easily
Lipids
called fats and oils are organic compounds
Atherosclerosis
ondition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
Diabetic mellitus
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood
Fats
also known as lipids are organic compounds
Overweight
body weight that is 10 to 20 percent greater than the average recommended weight for a person’s height or a BMI from 25 to 29.9
Bulimia
psychological disorder in which a person alternatively binges and then induces vomiting
Basal metabolic rate
body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue without doing voluntary work
Diabetic diet
used for patients with diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Peristalsis
food is broken down by the teeth and moved through the digestive tract by a process
Carbohydrates
major source of readily usable human energy
Cellulose -
Bland diet
consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract.
Digestion
process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemical, moves food into the digestive system.
Nutrition
includes all body process relating to food
Proteins
basic components of all body cells
Malnutrition
the state of poor nutrition caused by poor diet or illness