Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
is the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
Absorption
consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
Bland diet
are the major source of readily usable human energy.
Carbohydrates
the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically.
Digestion
high blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet; can lead to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys
Hypertension
commonly called anorexia; a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Anorexia nervosa
is a calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fats.
Body mass index (BMI)
is the fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate
Cellulose
are composed of chemical elements found in food. They are used by the body to perform many different body functions.
Essential nutrients
are organic compounds
Lipids (fats)
organic molecules, that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
Antioxidants
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxative to get rid of food that has been eaten
Bulimarexia
is a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
Cholesterol
usually limit fats to less than 50 grams daily
Fat-restricted diets
include both clear liquids and full liquids
Liquid diets
condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
Atherosclerosis
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all
Bulimia
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood; heredity, obesity, lack of exercise, and diets high in carbohydrates and sugars contribute to individuals developing this disease.
Diabetes mellitus
are organic compounds
Fats (lipids)
diet restricts food that contain cholesterol and usually limit fats to less than 50 grams daily.
Low-cholesterol diet
the rate at which the body uses energy just for maintain its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
the amount of heat produced during metabolism
Calorie
is used for patients with diabetes mellitus
Diabetic diet
are usually classified as high fiber or low fiber
Fiber diets
the state of poor nutrition; may be caused by poor diet on illness, symptoms include fatigue, depression, poor posture, being overweight or under-weight, poor complexion, lifeless hair, and irritability
Malnutrition