What was/What were
What were the people who disagreed with the Church of Rome called?
Heretics
Who is the reformer who converted and became a monk while in a severe thunderstorm?
Martin Luther
Who produced the first Bible in the English language?
John Wycliffe
What was the document Luther nailed on the door known as?
Ninety-Five Theses
How did "Bloody Mary" earn her nickname?
She was Roman Catholic and persecuted Christians (even killing about 300 Christian leaders).
What were the papers that granted pardon from punishment called?
Indulgences
Who was on the throne of England when the Reformation started in Germany?
King Henry VIII
Who was one of the greatest rulers of all time, reigning for 45 years following her half brother and half sister?
Elizabeth I
Did Henry VIII split from the Roman Church for the same reasons that Martin Luther did? Why or why not?
No, he split because he wanted a divorce and the pope wouldn't give it to him. So Henry appointed a new archbishop that declared his marriage with Catherine (his wife) invalid so that Henry could then marry Anne Boleyn.
How did the Roman Church react to Luther's 95 Theses?
They excommunicated him and made him an outlaw.
What was the Reformation?
Protest against the corruption in the Catholic Church
Who was the next king after Henry VIII?
Edward VI
Who were the Puritans?
Those who wanted to purify the Roman Church
What was the Counter Reformation?
In order to prevent further losses to the Protestants, the Roman Catholic Church had its own Catholic Reformation.
What was the Inquisition?
A court set up to find and persecute heretics
Who became queen after her half-brother died at 16? What was her nickname?
Mary; Bloody Mary
Who were the protestants?
The people who chose to follow Scripture and leave the Roman Church
What happened during the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
Under the queen's direction, Roman Catholics started breaking into homes and murdering unsuspecting and unarmed Protestants. (This was coordinated throughout all of France, not just Paris.) By the time it ended, 20,000 had been killed.
What was the Spanish Armada and why was its defeat so important?
Philip II of Spain decided to invade England to stop Protestantism. He got 130 ships together, but by the time they made it back to Spain, they only had about half of their ships.
The defeat of the Spanish Armada: 1) preserved England from both Spanish and Roman Catholicism domination, and 2) established England as a sea power, which eventually led to English Protestants, instead of Spanish Catholics, settling in the New World.
Who taught the belief of predestination?
John Calvin
What were members of the Society of Jesus called and what was their purpose?
Jesuits; limit heresy and promote Roman Catholic education
Two parts:
What was the Index of Prohibited Books?
What was the Council of Trent? Was it a fair council?
1. The Roman Church produced an index that listed, among other things, 48 allegedly heretical editions or versions of the Bible. Only books that had received a license from the church had church approval.
2. It was a church council to discuss doctrinal issues and to propose reform. No, it wasn't fair--it was predetermined.