The enzyme that unzips the DNA double helix for DNA replication to occur.
What is helicase?
100
The 3 ways RNA is different from DNA.
What is RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded, RNA contains ribose (sugar) and DNA contains deoxyribose, and RNA has the base uracil while DNA has thymine.
100
Transcription take place in the...
What is the nucleus?
100
Write the central dogma.
What is DNA to RNA to protein?
DNA to RNA via transcription
RNA to protein via translation
100
The scientist who discovered that the amount of A=T and C=G.
Who was Chargaff?
200
The three components that make up a nucleotide (molecule of DNA).
What are a negative phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and 1 of 4 nitrogen bases?
200
The function of rRNA is....
What is to help form ribosomes?
200
The enzyme that must bind to the DNA double helix to open it to make a mRNA copy is called
What is RNA polymerase?
200
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that codes for a certain amino acid is called...
What is a codon?
200
The scientists awarded credit for discovering the structure of DNA.
Who were Watson and Crick?
300
The order of DNA replication is as follows:
What is unwinding, base pairing, and joining?
300
This is the outcome of transcription...what is produced.
What is RNA?
300
On what organelle in the cell does translation take place...
What is the ribosome?
300
The scientist who showed that genetic material could be transferred from dead bacteria to living bacteria...
Who was Griffith?
400
Purines and pyrimidines are....
What is classification groups for nitrogen bases? (Purines have double rings whereas pyrimidines have single rings)
400
mRNA is found...
What is in the nucleus for transcription and in the cytoplasm/on the ribosome during translation?
400
Name this process: when genetic information on a DNA template is transferred to an RNA molecule.
What is transcription?
400
During translation, mRNA has the codon and tRNA carries two things they are...
What is an amino acid on top and an anticodon on bottom?
400
Hershey and Chase determined...
What is that DNA was indeed the molecule that stores genetic information in cells (they used radioactive tracers with bacteriophages)
500
List the 6 steps of DNA replication including the special enzymes that are needed.
What is
1. Unwinding- DNA helicase unwinds the double helix.
2. Unwinding- single stranded binding proteins keep the double helix open at the replication fork.
3. Base Pairing- DNA polymerase makes sure that the correct bases pair and proofreads the strands- leading strand is made towards the replication fork.
4. Base Pairing- the lagging strand takes longer to pair because it goes away from the replication fork. It needs RNA primase to add RNA primers to begin pairing. Okazaki fragments are formed.
5. Joining- DNA polymerase proofreads the joined strands and DNA ligase acts like the caulk to fill in the gaps.--
6. Semiconservative replication-one original parental strand and 1 newly made strand with identical DNA are made= 2 new double helix.
500
Draw and label tRNA.
on top: 1 amino acid
middle: tRNA molecule
bottom: anticodon
500
List the 3 main steps in transcription.
What is (1) initiation-RNA polymerase binds to a promoter molecule on the DNA template. (2) Elongation- a mRNA is created by complementary base pairing with the DNA template. (3) Termination- transcription stops and the mRNA leave the DNA template (DNA template reforms double helix conformation)
500
The number of amino acids found in your body and the number of codon combinations that code for them. Also, what triplet code is the start codon...
What is 20 amino acids, 64 codon combinations and AUG is the start codon?
500
Name 3 types of mutations and which one has the most severe outcome...
What is point, frameshift (insertion and deletion) duplication? Most severe outcome= frameshift