Ch 1 Recall
The cell is considered the what?
the smallest unit of life
A bacteria has a comma-like shape
Vibrio
Main component of bacterial cell wall
peptidoglycan
Compare peptidoglycan layers in cells
Gram + = thick
Gram - = thin
What is the shape of eukaryal DNA and where is it stored?
linear chromosomes in the nucleus
Of the following which is a macromolecule...
Deoxyribonucleotides
Sugars
DNA
Amino acids
DNA
Bacterial cell size range
0.5-5 um
Functions of plasma membrane
nutrient transport
energy generation
environmental sensing
protein secretion
What colors are the G+ and G- cells?
G+ = purple
G- = pink
What is the cytoskeleton fiber that functions in cell movement (flagella and cilia)?
Microtubules
Identifies Bacillus anthracis as cause of anthrax
Robert Koch
Protein that functions in shaping a bacterial cell
MreB
Main function of cell wall
Gives bacteria their shape and protects against osmotic pressure
What are the steps of the gram stain?
Crystal violet
Iodine
Alcohol
Safranin
What is the fungi microorganism that has chitin CWs and is used to make bread?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Viruses are not considered alive because without a host they are ___
inert/ inactive
The enzyme produced by bacteria to destroy antibiotic ring structure
B-lactamase
Peptidoglycan disaccharide subunits
N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
How do the linkages differ between Gram + and - cells?
Gram + is linked by pentapeptide, G - is directly linked
What does Trypanosoma brucei cause?
African sleeping sickness
In the 1970s, life was organized into 3 domains. This was done so using DNA sequencing was used to compare sequences of what kind of genes?
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes
Shape of DNA in bacterial nucleoid
single, circular chromosome
What is the difference between NAG and NAM?
only NAM has a tetrapeptide connected
What type of bacteria has an extra layer and what is it called?
Gram - has LPS (lipopolysaccharide)
What is the protozoa microorganism?
Giardia lamblia
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: Why is it considered genetically old?