12.1-12.2
What is defined as "the calculation of the number of substances in a chemical reaction from the balanced equation."?
Stoichiometry
________ are the most practical of all mass-based stoichiometry problems.
Mass-mass calculations
How many liters are in one mole of any gas at STP?
22.4 liters
What is/are the reactant(s) left over after a reaction involving a limiting reactant called?
The excess reactant/reagent
_______ measurement that indicates how successful a reaction has been.
Percent yield
A __________ is a conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any two substances in a chemical reaction.
Mole ratio
mass of given→moles of given→moles of unknown→mass of unknown
Is what type of problem?
Mass to Mass
What does Avogadro’s hypothesis state?
Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.
What must be done to the amounts of reactants and products (in mass or volume form) in a reaction before the limiting reactant can be determined?
They must be converted to moles.
___________ is the maximum amount of product that could be formed from the given amounts of reactants.
Theoretical yield
Stoichiometry problems can be characterized by two things:
(1) the information 'given' in the problem
(2) the information that is to be solved for, referred to as the 'unknown'
moles of given→moles of unknown→mass of unknown
Is what type of problem?
Moles to Mass
What are the conditions of STP?
0°C and 1 atm
What does the amount of a reaction’s limiting reactant determine?
The amount of product that will be produced in the reaction.
________ is the amount of product that is actually formed when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory.
Actual yield
Amount of given substance in moles x Mole ratio =
Amount of unknown substance in moles
Sn(s)+2HF(g)→SnF2(s)+H2(g)
How many moles of hydrogen fluoride are required to react completely with 75.0 g of tin?
1.26 mol HF
If 8.8 L of acetylene (C2H2) is combusted, what volume of CO2 is produced?
17.6 L CO2
If 50g CO reacts with 80g CuO to form Cu and CO2, what is the limiting reactant?
CuO
Percent Yield=
(formula, relationship)
Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield x 100%
H=ham, C=cheese, T=tomatoes, P=pickles, B= bacon
2H+C+T+5P+2B→H2CTP5B2 = 1 Sandwich
If there is 8H how many P are needed to make as many sandwiches as possible.
20P
2H2S(g)+3O2(g)→2SO2(g)+2H2O(g)
What mass of oxygen gas is consumed in a reaction that produces 4.60 mol SO2?
221 g O2
If 17.2 g of potassium (K) reacts with water (H2O) to produce potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrogen gas (H2), what volume of H2 is produced?
19.7 L H2
If 29.2 L of methane (CH4) is combusted with 63.3 L of oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide and water, what volume of oxygen is left over?
4.9 L oxygen gas
2KClO3(s)→2KCl(s)+3O2(g)
40.0 g KClO3 is heated until it completely decomposes. What is the theoretical yield of oxygen gas? The experiment is performed and the oxygen gas is collected and its mass is found to be 14.9 g. What is the percent yield for the reaction?
Theoretical yield of O2 is 15.7 g
Percent yield is 94.9%