Physical Geography
Which massive valley system was formed by tectonic plate movement?
Great Rift Valley
What helps coastal cities support large populations?
Access to trade
Which language spread widely as a trade language in Africa?
Swahili
What was the Middle Passage?
The voyage carrying enslaved Africans across the Atlantic
What movement aimed to unite all Africans?
Pan-Africanism
What is the process where land becomes less fertile due to overuse?
Desertification
Why is access to water so important for agriculture?
Crops need consistent water to grow
What two areas of culture were influenced by Arab traders?
Language and religion
Why did the slave trade exist?
To increase plantation profits
What organization was created to promote unity among African nations?
Organization of African Unity
What is the biggest challenge facing farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Scarcity of fresh water
Countries with what tend to have the most economic wealth?
Natural resources
Which group helped spread Swahili into the interior?
Arab traders
What was the basis of Ghana’s wealth?
Trade (especially gold and salt)
Who was a leader that encouraged African unity and independence in Kenya?
Jomo Kenyatta
Why is East Africa cooler than other regions?
Higher elevation
What is a major reason some African countries struggle economically?
Conflict within countries
Which major language family is the root of many African languages?
Bantu languages
What gave the Bantu an advantage over other groups?
Ironworking
What problem did colonialism create for African countries after independence?
They were divided into weak, separate states
What force shaped Africa’s valleys, lakes, and volcanoes?
Plate tectonics
How has human activity affected the Sahel region?
Poor land use has made the soil less fertile
Why did Swahili become so widely used?
It helped different groups communicate for trade
Which kingdom arose in Central Africa?
Kongo
What was a major goal after independence for many African nations?
To become stable and economically successful