what is stress?
What are the stimulus based and response based definitions of health
stress is a demanding/threatening event
or situation.
stress is our physiological response to
demanding/threatening situation.
what are the two types of stressors
Chronic and Acute
Physical disorders or diseases whose symptoms are brought about or worsened by stress and emotional factors
Psychophysiological Disorders
Mental and behavioural efforts that we use to deal
with problems relating to stress. Responses may be either adaptive or maladaptive
Coping
An enduring state of mind consisting of joy, contentment, and other
positive emotions, and the sense that one’s life has meaning and
value.
Happiness
What is Primary vs secondary appraisal
-Judgment about
the degree of potential harm or threat
to well-being that a stressor might
entail.
-Triggered by
the perception of a threat. Judgment of
the options available to cope with a
stressor, as well as perceptions of how
effective such options will be.
Unexpected, severe events that expose an
individual to threat of or actual death/injury
Most are acute, but some may be prolonged
(living with abusive partner for years)
Traumatic events
The body’s system of organs and cells that defend the body from foreign invaders
(viruses, bacteria) and abnormal cell growth
(cancer cells)
Immune System
What is Problem-Focused Coping?
Deal directly with the
stressor: Identify the problem, consider possible solutions, weigh the costs and benefits of these solutions, select a solution.Effective if you have perceived control over the stressor
name a social influence on happiness
per capita gross domestic product (GDP, which reflects a nation’s economic standard of
living),
- Social support,
- freedom to make important life choices,
- healthy life expectancy,
- freedom from perceived corruption in government and business,
- generosity
What are the two types of stress Hans Selye proposed
Eustress and Distress
What are life stressors
events or situations that require us to make
changes in our lives
Explain Autoimmune Diseases
body mistakes its own healthy
cells for invaders and tries to destroy them
What is Emotion-Focused Coping
managing one’s feelings about the stressor. Avoidance, minimization, distancing, positive
comparisons. May involve cognitive reappraisal:
Used if you have little perceived control over the
stressor
The science of happiness. Seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to greater fulfillment in our lives
Positive Psychology
General adaption syndrome involves what three stages
Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion
What are some criticisms of the Social Readjustment rating scale
Weight of positive vs. negative events. Does not take appraisal into account.Some items are vague
Immune system breaks down and cannot function properly. Increases susceptibility to illness and infection
Immunosuppression
A belief that one is powerless to change
their situation
Learned Helplessness
pleasurable engagement with the environment.
Positive affect
who proposed the fight or flight response
Walter Cannon
Everyday annoyances/common experiences that
may frequently produce stress
Daily Hassles
Name at least 2 behavioural or social determinants of cardiovascular disease
Age,Income, Education, Employment status.
or
Poor Diet, Limited Exercise, Substance use, Obesity, Diabetes
using electronic equipment to measure involuntary activity and provide feedback
Biofeedback
a generalized tendency to expect that good things will happen
Optimism