Category 1
This was the biggest challenge faced by the First Crusade, including harsh travel and lack of supplies.
What are disease and strong resistance from Muslim forces?
Knights joined the crusades for these reasons
What are religious devotion, wealth, adventure, and salvation?
Urban expansion led to these problems
What are overcrowding, poor sanitation, fire hazards, and crime?
This term refers to selling Church offices and was a major corruption issue.
Simony
Captured and executed for helping the French
Joan of Arc
This deadly pandemic swept through Europe in the mid-14th century.
Bubonic plague
Crusaders captured this city in 1099
What are disease and strong resistance from Muslim forces?
Goals of the crusades
What is defending Christian territories and spreading Christianity?
This document, signed in 1215, limited the power of the English king
Magna Carta
Monasteries played this role in the spiritual revival of the Church.
What is preserving learning, providing religious guidance, and serving as centers of charity and education?
Literature in the vernacular was important because of this reason.
What is making literature accessible to common people?
Medieval trade fairs and new banking systems were key developments of this economic transformation.
Commercial revolution
Instead of reaching the Holy Land, the Fourth Crusade attacked this Christian city in 1204.
Constantinople
These three European monarchs led the Third Crusade.
Who are Richard the Lionheart, Philip II, and Frederick I?
This legal principle guarantees a fair trial and protection from unlawful imprisonment.
Habeas Corpus
Popes reorganized the Church in the 1100s by doing these three things.
What are reforming the clergy, enforcing Church laws, and strengthening papal authority?
England and France
The medieval practice of granting land to vassals in exchange for military service was called this.
Feudalism
This truce between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin allowed Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem.
Third crusade truce
This farming method increased crop production by allowing land to rest.
3 field system
The Commercial Revolution led to the rise of this economic class.
Merchant class
Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses are features of this architectural style.
Gothic architecture
One of the key cultural contributions from the Crusades was introducing this numeric system to Europe.
Arabic numerals
The Canterbury Tales was written by this famous medieval English author.
Chaucer
This was captured during the 2nd crusade
Edessa
These trade organizations controlled quality, prices, and working conditions for craftsmen.
Guilds
Effects of the Bubonic plague on Medieval society
What is population decline, economic disruption, labor shortages, or decline in Church authority?
Medieval universities helped spread new ideas and revived this body of knowledge.
Classical knowledge
This was the main cause of the Great Schism.
What is the presence of multiple popes claiming authority?
This work of literature dealt with the Catholic views on the afterlife
Divine Comedy